题目
A particle of weight is attached to one end of a light elastic string. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point on a horizontal ceiling. A horizontal force of acts on the particle. In the equilibrium position, the string makes an angle with the ceiling (see diagram). The string has natural length and modulus of elasticity .
(a) Find the tension in the string.
(b) Find the vertical distance between the particle and the ceiling.
题目中文翻译
一个重量为 的质点连接在一根轻质弹性细绳的一端。细绳的另一端连接在水平天花板上的固定点 。一个 的水平力作用在质点上。在平衡位置,细绳与天花板成 角(见图)。细绳的自然长度为 ,弹性模量为 。
(a) 求细绳中的张力。
(b) 求质点与天花板之间的竖直距离。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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张力的水平分量平衡水平外力,竖直分量平衡重力。用勾股定理求张力大小。
答题过程
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Resolving horizontally and vertically gives and . Squaring and adding gives . Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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先用胡克定律求绳长,再用张力的竖直分量确定 ,得到绳长的竖直投影。
答题过程
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Let be the extension. Hooke’s law gives
The stretched length is . Since , we have . The vertical distance is .