题目
Problem
A particle P is moving in a horizontal straight line. Initially P is at the point O on the line and is moving with velocity 25 m s−1. At time t s after passing through O, the acceleration of P is (5t+4)34000 m s−2 in the direction PO. The displacement of P from O at time t is x m.
Find an expression for x in terms of t.
(5)
题目中文翻译
一个质点 P 沿一条水平直线运动。最初,P 位于直线上的点 O,并以速度 25 m s−1 运动。在经过 O 后的 t s 时,P 的加速度大小为 (5t+4)34000 m s−2,方向为 PO。在时刻 t,P 相对于 O 的位移为 x m。
求 x 用 t 表示的表达式。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
解法一
思路
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沿初速度取正,P 离开 O 后,指向 O 的加速度为负。先对加速度积分得到速度,再积分求位移,每次都用初值。
答题过程
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On the forward branch,
dtdv=−(5t+4)34000.
Integrating gives
v===−4000∫(5t+4)−3dt−54000−2(5t+4)−2+C(5t+4)2400+C.
Using v=25 at t=0 gives 25=400/16+C, so C=0. Thus v remains positive for all t≥0, so P continues moving away from O and the acceleration has the assumed sign. Integrating again,
x==400∫(5t+4)−2dt5400−1(5t+4)−1+D.
Therefore
x=−5t+480+D.
Using x=0 at t=0 gives D=20. Therefore
x===20−5t+4805t+420(5t+4)−805t+4100t.