题目
A light inextensible string passes through two small holes and in a smooth horizontal table where and . A particle of mass is attached at the end and moves in a horizontal circle with angular velocity . A particle of mass is attached to the end and moves in a horizontal circle with angular velocity . makes an angle with the downward vertical and makes an angle with the horizontal (see diagram).
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根轻质不可伸长细绳 穿过光滑水平桌面上的两个小孔 和 ,其中 ,。一个质量为 的质点连接在 端,并以角速度 做水平圆周运动。一个质量为 的质点连接在 端,并以角速度 做水平圆周运动。 与竖直向下方向成 角, 与水平方向成 角(见图)。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
展开
两段绳子的角度分别与竖直、水平比较。对每个质点,张力的水平分量与圆周半径含有相同的三角因子,约去后直接比较张力。
答题过程
展开
The smooth holes give the same tension in both end segments. The radius of the circle of is , so
For the radius is because makes angle with the horizontal. Thus
The cancellations are valid since . Equating the tensions gives
Taking the positive angular-speed ratio gives .
解法二
思路
展开
也可先用两个质点的竖直平衡求绳的倾角与张力,再分别求角速率。
答题过程
展开
Vertical equilibrium gives for and for . Dividing gives
Hence , and . The two radii are and . The inward radial equations give
Their ratio is , giving the positive ratio .