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CIE 9231 2022 June Paper 33 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

One end of a light inextensible string of length aa is attached to a fixed point OO. A particle of mass mm is attached to the other end of the string and is held with the string taut at the point AA. At AA the string makes an angle θ\theta with the upward vertical through OO. The particle is projected perpendicular to the string in a downward direction from AA with a speed uu. It moves along a circular path in the vertical plane.

When the string makes an angle α\alpha with the downward vertical through OO, the speed of the particle is 2u2u and the magnitude of the tension in the string is 1010 times its magnitude at AA.

It is given that u=23gau=\sqrt{\frac23ga}.

(a) Find, in terms of mm and gg, the magnitude of the tension in the string at AA.

(6)

(b) Find the value of cos⁡α\cos\alpha.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一根长为 aa 的轻质不可伸长细绳的一端连接在固定点 OO。一个质量为 mm 的质点连接在细绳的另一端,并被保持在点 AA,使细绳绷紧。在 AA 点,细绳与经过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 θ\theta 角。质点从 AA 点以速率 uu 沿垂直于细绳的向下方向射出。它在该竖直平面内沿圆周运动。

当细绳与经过 OO 的竖直向下方向成 α\alpha 角时,质点的速率为 2u2u,细绳中张力的大小为其在 AA 点时大小的 1010 倍。

已知 u=23gau=\sqrt{\frac23ga}。

(a) 求细绳在 AA 点时的张力大小,用 mm 和 gg 表示。

(6)

(b) 求 cos⁡α\cos\alpha 的值。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先用动能增加量求 cos⁡θ+cos⁡α\cos\theta+\cos\alpha。再在两位置各列径向方程,注意重力在两个径向的符号不同。

答题过程

展开

Let TT be the tension at AA. The vertical drop from AA to the later point is a(cos⁡θ+cos⁡α)a(\cos\theta+\cos\alpha). Conservation of energy gives

12m((2u)2−u2)=mga(cos⁡θ+cos⁡α).\frac12m((2u)^2-u^2)=mga(\cos\theta+\cos\alpha).

With u2=2ga/3u^2=2ga/3, dividing by mgamga gives

cos⁡θ+cos⁡α=3u22ga=1.\cos\theta+\cos\alpha=\frac{3u^2}{2ga}=1.

The inward radial equations are

T+mgcos⁡θ= mu2a=23mg,10T−mgcos⁡α= 4mu2a=83mg.\begin{align*} T+mg\cos\theta=&\,\frac{mu^2}{a}=\frac23mg,\\[4mm] 10T-mg\cos\alpha=&\,\frac{4mu^2}{a}=\frac83mg. \end{align*}

Writing q=T/(mg)q=T/(mg), the first gives cos⁡θ=2/3−q\cos\theta=2/3-q. The energy equation then gives cos⁡α=1/3+q\cos\alpha=1/3+q. Dividing the second radial equation by mgmg gives

10q−(13+q)= 83,9q= 3,q= 13.\begin{align*} 10q-\bigg(\frac13+q\bigg)=&\,\frac83,\\[4mm] 9q=&\,3,\\[4mm] q=&\,\frac13. \end{align*}

Therefore T=mg/3T=mg/3.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

将上一问的张力代回第二个位置的径向方程,直接求 cos⁡α\cos\alpha。

答题过程

展开

Using T=mg/3T=mg/3 in 10T−mgcos⁡α=83mg10T-mg\cos\alpha=\frac83mg gives

cos⁡α=103−83=23.\cos\alpha=\frac{10}{3}-\frac83=\frac23.