题目
One end of a light inextensible string of length is attached to a fixed point . A particle of mass is attached to the other end of the string and is held with the string taut at the point . At the string makes an angle with the upward vertical through . The particle is projected perpendicular to the string in a downward direction from with a speed . It moves along a circular path in the vertical plane.
When the string makes an angle with the downward vertical through , the speed of the particle is and the magnitude of the tension in the string is times its magnitude at .
It is given that .
(a) Find, in terms of and , the magnitude of the tension in the string at .
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根长为 的轻质不可伸长细绳的一端连接在固定点 。一个质量为 的质点连接在细绳的另一端,并被保持在点 ,使细绳绷紧。在 点,细绳与经过 的竖直向上方向成 角。质点从 点以速率 沿垂直于细绳的向下方向射出。它在该竖直平面内沿圆周运动。
当细绳与经过 的竖直向下方向成 角时,质点的速率为 ,细绳中张力的大小为其在 点时大小的 倍。
已知 。
(a) 求细绳在 点时的张力大小,用 和 表示。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先用动能增加量求 。再在两位置各列径向方程,注意重力在两个径向的符号不同。
答题过程
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Let be the tension at . The vertical drop from to the later point is . Conservation of energy gives
With , dividing by gives
The inward radial equations are
Writing , the first gives . The energy equation then gives . Dividing the second radial equation by gives
Therefore .
(b)
解法一
思路
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将上一问的张力代回第二个位置的径向方程,直接求 。
答题过程
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Using in gives