题目
and are two fixed smooth vertical barriers on a smooth horizontal surface, with angle . A particle of mass is moving with speed on the surface. The particle strikes at an angle with . It then strikes and rebounds at an angle with (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between the particle and each barrier is and .
The kinetic energy of the particle after the first collision is of its kinetic energy before the first collision.
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find the size of angle .
题目中文翻译
和 是光滑水平面上的两块固定的光滑竖直挡板,其中 角为 。一个质量为 的质点在该平面上以速率 运动。质点以与 成 角的方向撞上 。随后,它撞上 ,并以与 成 角的方向反弹(见图)。质点与每块挡板之间的恢复系数均为 ,且 。
质点第一次碰撞后的动能为第一次碰撞前动能的 。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 求 角的大小。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对第一面墙,平行分量不变,法向分量反向且大小乘以 。用碰后动能比写出两个分量平方和。
答题过程
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Since , we have and . The rebound speed at satisfies
The kinetic energy ratio gives
Hence , so and . Since , .
(b)
解法一
思路
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先求离开 后的方向。再用两面墙的夹角求入射方向与 的夹角,并对第二次碰撞使用分量比。
答题过程
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If the angle to immediately after the first impact is , the two components give , so . The acute angle between the incoming direction and at the second collision is
The parallel component is unchanged and the normal component magnitude is multiplied by . Thus