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CIE 9231 2022 June Paper 33 Q6

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2022 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

ABAB and BCBC are two fixed smooth vertical barriers on a smooth horizontal surface, with angle ABC=60∘ABC=60^\circ. A particle of mass mm is moving with speed uu on the surface. The particle strikes ABAB at an angle θ\theta with ABAB. It then strikes BCBC and rebounds at an angle β\beta with BCBC (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between the particle and each barrier is ee and tan⁡θ=2\tan\theta=2.

The kinetic energy of the particle after the first collision is 40%40\% of its kinetic energy before the first collision.

(a) Find the value of ee.

(4)

(b) Find the size of angle β\beta.

(4)
题目中文翻译

ABAB 和 BCBC 是光滑水平面上的两块固定的光滑竖直挡板,其中 ABCABC 角为 60∘60^\circ。一个质量为 mm 的质点在该平面上以速率 uu 运动。质点以与 ABAB 成 θ\theta 角的方向撞上 ABAB。随后,它撞上 BCBC,并以与 BCBC 成 β\beta 角的方向反弹(见图)。质点与每块挡板之间的恢复系数均为 ee,且 tan⁡θ=2\tan\theta=2。

质点第一次碰撞后的动能为第一次碰撞前动能的 40%40\%。

(a) 求 ee 的值。

(4)

(b) 求 β\beta 角的大小。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对第一面墙,平行分量不变,法向分量反向且大小乘以 ee。用碰后动能比写出两个分量平方和。

答题过程

展开

Since tan⁡θ=2\tan\theta=2, we have cos⁡2θ=1/5\cos^2\theta=1/5 and sin⁡2θ=4/5\sin^2\theta=4/5. The rebound speed vv at ABAB satisfies

v2= u2cos⁡2θ+e2u2sin⁡2θ= 15u2+45e2u2.\begin{align*} v^2=&\,u^2\cos^2\theta+e^2u^2\sin^2\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\frac15u^2+\frac45e^2u^2. \end{align*}

The kinetic energy ratio gives

12mv212mu2=25.\frac{\frac12mv^2}{\frac12mu^2}=\frac25.

Hence v2/u2=2/5v^2/u^2=2/5, so 1+4e2=21+4e^2=2 and e2=1/4e^2=1/4. Since 0≤e≤10\le e\le1, e=1/2e=1/2.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先求离开 ABAB 后的方向。再用两面墙的夹角求入射方向与 BCBC 的夹角,并对第二次碰撞使用分量比。

答题过程

展开

If the angle to ABAB immediately after the first impact is α\alpha, the two components give tan⁡α=(eusin⁡θ)/(ucos⁡θ)=etan⁡θ=1\tan\alpha=(eu\sin\theta)/(u\cos\theta)=e\tan\theta=1, so α=45∘\alpha=45^\circ. The acute angle between the incoming direction and BCBC at the second collision is

180∘−60∘−45∘=75∘.180^\circ-60^\circ-45^\circ=75^\circ.

The parallel component is unchanged and the normal component magnitude is multiplied by ee. Thus

tan⁡β= evsin⁡75∘vcos⁡75∘= etan⁡75∘=12(2+3),β= 61.8∘.\begin{align*} \tan\beta=&\,\frac{ev\sin75^\circ}{v\cos75^\circ}\\[4mm] =&\,e\tan75^\circ=\frac12(2+\sqrt3),\\[4mm] \beta=&\,61.8^\circ. \end{align*}