题目
One end of a light elastic string, of natural length and modulus of elasticity , is attached to a fixed point . The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . The string hangs with vertically below . The particle is pulled vertically downwards so that the extension of the string is . The particle is then released from rest.
(a) Find the speed of when it is at a distance below .
(b) Find the initial acceleration of when it is released from rest.
题目中文翻译
一根自然长度为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹性绳的一端连接在固定点 处,另一端连接一个质量为 的质点 。绳悬挂着, 位于 的正下方。将质点 竖直向下拉,使绳的伸长量为 ,然后将 从静止释放。
(a) 求 位于 下方距离为 处时的速率。
(b) 求 从静止释放时的初始加速度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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初始有弹性势能。到 下方 时,绳长小于自然长度,弹性势能为零。用能量守恒同时计入重力势能的增加。
答题过程
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At release the string has extension and the particle is below . The initial elastic potential energy is
At the requested point the string is slack, and the particle has risen . By conservation of energy,
Hence .
(b)
解法一
思路
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释放瞬间绳的伸长已知。由胡克定律求张力,再用张力减去重力求向上加速度。
答题过程
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The initial tension is . Newton’s second law gives , so the initial acceleration is upwards.