题目
A particle of mass is moving with speed on a fixed smooth horizontal surface. It collides at an angle with a fixed smooth vertical barrier. After the collision, moves at an angle with the barrier, where (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between and the barrier is . The particle loses of its kinetic energy as a result of the collision.
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 在固定的光滑水平面上以速率 运动。它以与一块固定光滑竖直挡板成 角的方向撞向挡板。碰撞后, 沿与挡板成 角的方向运动,其中 (见图)。 与挡板之间的恢复系数为 。此次碰撞使质点 损失了其动能的 。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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角度是速度与墙面的夹角。平行分量不变,垂直分量的大小乘以 。用碰后角的正切先建立 与 的关系,再使用动能比。
答题过程
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Write for the speed after impact. The two component equations are
Dividing the component equations gives , so . The kinetic energy falls by , hence
Using the component equations and cancelling gives
Thus . Since is acute, , and . It follows that .
解法二
思路
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也可先从碰后角得到碰后的两个速度分量,再用碰撞规律反推出碰前分量。把它们平方相加,与初速率的平方比较。
答题过程
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Since , we have and . The incoming parallel and normal component magnitudes are and , respectively. Therefore
The energy condition is , so . Substituting gives
Since , we obtain .