题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . The particle is held at the point , where makes an angle with the downward vertical through , and with the string taut. The particle is projected perpendicular to in an upwards direction with speed . It then starts to move along a circular path in a vertical plane. The string goes slack when is at , where angle is and the speed of is .
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find, in terms of and , the tension in the string when is at .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 连接在一根长为 的不可伸长轻绳的一端,绳的另一端连接在固定点 处。将质点 保持在点 ,使 与经过 的竖直向下方向成 角,并使绳绷紧。质点 以速率 沿垂直于 且向上的方向抛出,随后开始在竖直平面内沿圆周路径运动。当 位于 时绳变松,此时角 为 , 的速率为 。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 用 和 表示 位于 时绳中的张力。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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在 绳刚松弛,张力为零。因为 与 垂直,重力指向圆心的分量为 。
答题过程
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At the radius makes angle with the upward vertical. With zero tension, the inward radial equation is
Thus .
(b)
解法一
思路
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由 到 的高度差和 点速率求发射速率,再对 点列径向方程。
答题过程
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The string first goes slack before the particle passes the highest point. To see this, write for the angle of the radius from the downward vertical. Combining energy and the radial equation gives
If the highest point had already been passed before , the tension there would be , which is impossible for a taut string. Thus , so is acute and .
The rise from to is . Conservation of energy gives
The weight has outward radial component at . If is the tension there,
Therefore .