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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 31 Q5

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A light elastic string of natural length aa and modulus of elasticity λmg\lambda mg has one end attached to a fixed point OO on a smooth horizontal surface. When a particle of mass mm is attached to the free end of the string, it moves with speed vv in a horizontal circle with centre OO and radius xx. When, instead, a particle of mass 2m2m is attached to the free end of the string, this particle moves with speed 12v\frac12v in a horizontal circle with centre OO and radius 34x\frac34x.

(a) Find xx in terms of aa.

(5)

(b) Given that v=12agv=\sqrt{12ag}, find the value of λ\lambda.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一根自然长度为 aa、弹性模量为 λmg\lambda mg 的轻弹性绳的一端连接在光滑水平面上的固定点 OO 处。当绳的自由端连接一个质量为 mm 的质点时,该质点以速率 vv 沿以 OO 为圆心、半径为 xx 的水平圆周运动。当改为在绳的自由端连接一个质量为 2m2m 的质点时,该质点以速率 12v\frac12v 沿以 OO 为圆心、半径为 34x\frac34x 的水平圆周运动。

(a) 用 aa 表示 xx。

(5)

(b) 已知 v=12agv=\sqrt{12ag},求 λ\lambda 的值。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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两次运动都用张力提供向心力。先根据质量、速率和半径的变化求两次张力之比,再用胡克定律求 xx。

答题过程

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For the two circular motions, Hooke’s law and the radial equations give

T1= λmga(x−a)=mv2x,T2= λmga(3x4−a)=(2m)(v/2)23x/4.\begin{align*} T_1=&\,\frac{\lambda mg}{a}(x-a)=\frac{mv^2}{x},\\[4mm] T_2=&\,\frac{\lambda mg}{a}\bigg(\frac{3x}{4}-a\bigg) =\frac{(2m)(v/2)^2}{3x/4}. \end{align*}

Since both tensions are positive, x>4a/3x>4a/3. Dividing the radial expressions gives

T2T1=2(1/2)23/4=23.\frac{T_2}{T_1}=\frac{2(1/2)^2}{3/4}=\frac23.

The two extensions are x−ax-a and 3x/4−a3x/4-a. By Hooke’s law their ratio equals the tension ratio, so

3x/4−ax−a=23.\frac{3x/4-a}{x-a}=\frac23.

Multiplying out gives 9x−12a=8x−8a9x-12a=8x-8a, hence x=4ax=4a.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

代入 x=4ax=4a 与 v2=12agv^2=12ag。把第一次运动的向心力与胡克定律给出的张力相等。

答题过程

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For the first mass, the radial equation is T1=m(12ag)/(4a)=3mgT_1=m(12ag)/(4a)=3mg. Hooke’s law gives T1=λmg(3a)/a=3λmgT_1=\lambda mg(3a)/a=3\lambda mg, so λ=1\lambda=1. In the second case the extension is 2a2a and the radial force is 2mg2mg, which gives the same result.