题目
A light elastic string of natural length and modulus of elasticity has one end attached to a fixed point on a smooth horizontal surface. When a particle of mass is attached to the free end of the string, it moves with speed in a horizontal circle with centre and radius . When, instead, a particle of mass is attached to the free end of the string, this particle moves with speed in a horizontal circle with centre and radius .
(a) Find in terms of .
(b) Given that , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根自然长度为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹性绳的一端连接在光滑水平面上的固定点 处。当绳的自由端连接一个质量为 的质点时,该质点以速率 沿以 为圆心、半径为 的水平圆周运动。当改为在绳的自由端连接一个质量为 的质点时,该质点以速率 沿以 为圆心、半径为 的水平圆周运动。
(a) 用 表示 。
(b) 已知 ,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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两次运动都用张力提供向心力。先根据质量、速率和半径的变化求两次张力之比,再用胡克定律求 。
答题过程
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For the two circular motions, Hooke’s law and the radial equations give
Since both tensions are positive, . Dividing the radial expressions gives
The two extensions are and . By Hooke’s law their ratio equals the tension ratio, so
Multiplying out gives , hence .
(b)
解法一
思路
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代入 与 。把第一次运动的向心力与胡克定律给出的张力相等。
答题过程
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For the first mass, the radial equation is . Hooke’s law gives , so . In the second case the extension is and the radial force is , which gives the same result.