题目
At time , a particle is projected with speed at an angle above the horizontal from a point on a horizontal plane and moves freely under gravity. The greatest height achieved by during its flight is and the corresponding time is .
(a) Obtain expressions for and in terms of .
During the time between and , descends a distance .
(b) Find the value of .
(c) Find the speed of when .
题目中文翻译
在时刻 ,一个质点 从水平面上的点 以 的速率、与水平方向成仰角 抛出,此后仅在重力作用下自由运动。 在飞行过程中达到的最大高度为 ,对应的时刻为 。
(a) 求 和 关于 的表达式。
在 到 的时间内, 下降的距离为 。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 求 时 的速率。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
官方原题:开头写为 “At time s”,未明确给出发射时的 值。
实际上应为:以发射为计时起点,即 ,这样 和 才使用同一时间基准。
本页保留官方英文及忠实翻译,解答采用上述时间基准。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以发射为计时起点。最高点的竖直速度为零,由此求时间,再用竖直速度平方公式求高度。
答题过程
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Taking at projection, the vertical velocity is . At the highest point,
The vertical velocity equation between launch and the highest point gives , so .
(b)
解法一
思路
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从最高点开始,竖直初速度为零。在 秒内自由下落的距离等于 。
答题过程
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The vertical drop in time from the highest point is . Therefore
Since the particle descends after the highest point, . Taking positive square roots gives , so and . This gives and , and the drop in the next second is indeed .
解法二
思路
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也可从发射点写高度函数。第 秒的高度是最高点高度的四分之三。
答题过程
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At , the height is . Since this is ,
Dividing by and rearranging gives
The roots are and . Since , only the first is possible, giving .
(c)
解法一
思路
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水平方向的速度保持不变。求第 秒的竖直速度后,将两个分量平方相加。
答题过程
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At , the horizontal component is and the vertical component is . The speed is therefore