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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 31 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

At time t st\text{ s}, a particle PP is projected with speed 40 m s−140\text{ m s}^{-1} at an angle θ\theta above the horizontal from a point OO on a horizontal plane and moves freely under gravity. The greatest height achieved by PP during its flight is H mH\text{ m} and the corresponding time is T sT\text{ s}.

(a) Obtain expressions for HH and TT in terms of θ\theta.

(2)

During the time between t=Tt=T and t=3t=3, PP descends a distance 14H\frac14H.

(b) Find the value of θ\theta.

(4)

(c) Find the speed of PP when t=3t=3.

(3)
题目中文翻译

在时刻 t st\text{ s},一个质点 PP 从水平面上的点 OO 以 40 m s−140\text{ m s}^{-1} 的速率、与水平方向成仰角 θ\theta 抛出,此后仅在重力作用下自由运动。PP 在飞行过程中达到的最大高度为 H mH\text{ m},对应的时刻为 T sT\text{ s}。

(a) 求 HH 和 TT 关于 θ\theta 的表达式。

(2)

在 t=Tt=T 到 t=3t=3 的时间内,PP 下降的距离为 14H\frac14H。

(b) 求 θ\theta 的值。

(4)

(c) 求 t=3t=3 时 PP 的速率。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

题目勘误

官方原题:开头写为 “At time tt s”,未明确给出发射时的 tt 值。

实际上应为:以发射为计时起点,即 t=0t=0,这样 TT 和 t=3t=3 才使用同一时间基准。

本页保留官方英文及忠实翻译,解答采用上述时间基准。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

以发射为计时起点。最高点的竖直速度为零,由此求时间,再用竖直速度平方公式求高度。

答题过程

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Taking t=0t=0 at projection, the vertical velocity is 40sin⁡θ−10t40\sin\theta-10t. At the highest point,

T=4sin⁡θ.T=4\sin\theta.

The vertical velocity equation between launch and the highest point gives 0=(40sin⁡θ)2−20H0=(40\sin\theta)^2-20H, so H=80sin⁡2θH=80\sin^2\theta.

(b)

解法一

思路

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从最高点开始,竖直初速度为零。在 3−T3-T 秒内自由下落的距离等于 H/4H/4。

答题过程

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The vertical drop in time 3−T3-T from the highest point is 5(3−T)25(3-T)^2. Therefore

20sin⁡2θ=5(3−4sin⁡θ)2.20\sin^2\theta=5(3-4\sin\theta)^2.

Since the particle descends after the highest point, 3−T>03-T>0. Taking positive square roots gives 2sin⁡θ=3−4sin⁡θ2\sin\theta=3-4\sin\theta, so sin⁡θ=1/2\sin\theta=1/2 and θ=30∘\theta=30^\circ. This gives T=2T=2 and H=20H=20, and the drop in the next second is indeed 5=H/45=H/4.

解法二

思路

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也可从发射点写高度函数。第 33 秒的高度是最高点高度的四分之三。

答题过程

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At t=3t=3, the height is 120sin⁡θ−45120\sin\theta-45. Since this is 3H/43H/4,

120sin⁡θ−45=60sin⁡2θ.120\sin\theta-45=60\sin^2\theta.

Dividing by 1515 and rearranging gives

4sin⁡2θ−8sin⁡θ+3= 0,(2sin⁡θ−1)(2sin⁡θ−3)= 0.\begin{align*} 4\sin^2\theta-8\sin\theta+3=&\,0,\\[4mm] (2\sin\theta-1)(2\sin\theta-3)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The roots are sin⁡θ=1/2\sin\theta=1/2 and 3/23/2. Since 0<θ<90∘0<\theta<90^\circ, only the first is possible, giving θ=30∘\theta=30^\circ.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

水平方向的速度保持不变。求第 33 秒的竖直速度后,将两个分量平方相加。

答题过程

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At t=3t=3, the horizontal component is 40cos⁡30∘=20340\cos30^\circ=20\sqrt3 and the vertical component is 40sin⁡30∘−30=−1040\sin30^\circ-30=-10. The speed is therefore

v= (203)2+(−10)2= 1200+100= 1013 m s−1≈ 36.1 m s−1.\begin{align*} v=&\,\sqrt{(20\sqrt3)^2+(-10)^2}\\[4mm] =&\,\sqrt{1200+100}\\[4mm] =&\,10\sqrt{13}\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}\\[4mm] \approx&\,36.1\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. \end{align*}