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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Q1

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

One end of a light elastic string, of natural length aa and modulus of elasticity 3mg3mg, is attached to a fixed point OO. The other end of the string is attached to a particle PP of mass mm. The string hangs with PP vertically below OO. The particle PP is pulled vertically downwards so that the extension of the string is 2a2a. The particle PP is then released from rest.

(a) Find the speed of PP when it is at a distance 34a\frac34a below OO.

(3)

(b) Find the initial acceleration of PP when it is released from rest.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一根自然长度为 aa、弹性模量为 3mg3mg 的轻弹性绳的一端连接在固定点 OO 处,另一端连接一个质量为 mm 的质点 PP。绳悬挂着,PP 位于 OO 的正下方。将质点 PP 竖直向下拉,使绳的伸长量为 2a2a,然后将 PP 从静止释放。

(a) 求 PP 位于 OO 下方距离为 34a\frac34a 处时的速率。

(3)

(b) 求 PP 从静止释放时的初始加速度。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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初始有弹性势能。到 OO 下方 3a/43a/4 时,绳长小于自然长度,弹性势能为零。用能量守恒同时计入重力势能的增加。

答题过程

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At release the string has extension 2a2a and the particle is 3a3a below OO. The initial elastic potential energy is

3mg2a(2a)2=6mga.\frac{3mg}{2a}(2a)^2=6mga.

At the requested point the string is slack, and the particle has risen 3a−3a/4=9a/43a-3a/4=9a/4. By conservation of energy,

12mv2= 6mga−94mga= 154mga,v2= 152ag.\begin{align*} \frac12mv^2=&\,6mga-\frac94mga\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{15}{4}mga,\\[4mm] v^2=&\,\frac{15}{2}ag. \end{align*}

Hence v=15ag/2v=\sqrt{15ag/2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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释放瞬间绳的伸长已知。由胡克定律求张力,再用张力减去重力求向上加速度。

答题过程

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The initial tension is 3mg(2a)/a=6mg3mg(2a)/a=6mg. Newton’s second law gives mA=6mg−mgmA=6mg-mg, so the initial acceleration is 5g5g upwards.