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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Q2

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is moving with speed uu on a fixed smooth horizontal surface. It collides at an angle α\alpha with a fixed smooth vertical barrier. After the collision, PP moves at an angle θ\theta with the barrier, where tan⁡θ=12\tan\theta=\frac12 (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between PP and the barrier is ee. The particle PP loses 20%20\% of its kinetic energy as a result of the collision.

Find the value of ee.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点 PP 在固定的光滑水平面上以速率 uu 运动。它以与一块固定光滑竖直挡板成 α\alpha 角的方向撞向挡板。碰撞后,PP 沿与挡板成 θ\theta 角的方向运动,其中 tan⁡θ=12\tan\theta=\frac12(见图)。PP 与挡板之间的恢复系数为 ee。此次碰撞使质点 PP 损失了其动能的 20%20\%。

求 ee 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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角度是速度与墙面的夹角。平行分量不变,垂直分量的大小乘以 ee。用碰后角的正切先建立 ee 与 α\alpha 的关系,再使用动能比。

答题过程

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Write vv for the speed after impact. The two component equations are

vcos⁡θ= ucos⁡α,vsin⁡θ= eusin⁡α.\begin{align*} v\cos\theta=&\,u\cos\alpha,\\[4mm] v\sin\theta=&\,eu\sin\alpha. \end{align*}

Dividing the component equations gives etan⁡α=tan⁡θ=1/2e\tan\alpha=\tan\theta=1/2, so esin⁡α=cos⁡α/2e\sin\alpha=\cos\alpha/2. The kinetic energy falls by 20%20\%, hence

12mv2=45⋅12mu2.\frac12mv^2=\frac45\cdot\frac12mu^2.

Using the component equations and cancelling mu2/2mu^2/2 gives

45= cos⁡2α+e2sin⁡2α= cos⁡2α+14cos⁡2α= 54cos⁡2α.\begin{align*} \frac45=&\,\cos^2\alpha+e^2\sin^2\alpha\\[4mm] =&\,\cos^2\alpha+\frac14\cos^2\alpha\\[4mm] =&\,\frac54\cos^2\alpha. \end{align*}

Thus cos⁡2α=16/25\cos^2\alpha=16/25. Since α\alpha is acute, cos⁡α=4/5\cos\alpha=4/5, sin⁡α=3/5\sin\alpha=3/5 and tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4. It follows that e=(1/2)/(3/4)=2/3e=(1/2)/(3/4)=2/3.

解法二

思路

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也可先从碰后角得到碰后的两个速度分量,再用碰撞规律反推出碰前分量。把它们平方相加,与初速率的平方比较。

答题过程

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Since tan⁡θ=1/2\tan\theta=1/2, we have cos⁡θ=2/5\cos\theta=2/\sqrt5 and sin⁡θ=1/5\sin\theta=1/\sqrt5. The incoming parallel and normal component magnitudes are 2v/52v/\sqrt5 and v/(e5)v/(e\sqrt5), respectively. Therefore

u2=v25(4+1e2).u^2=\frac{v^2}{5}\bigg(4+\frac1{e^2}\bigg).

The energy condition is 12mv2=45⋅12mu2\frac12mv^2=\frac45\cdot\frac12mu^2, so v2=4u2/5v^2=4u^2/5. Substituting gives

1= 425(4+1e2),1e2= 254−4=94.\begin{align*} 1=&\,\frac4{25}\bigg(4+\frac1{e^2}\bigg),\\[4mm] \frac1{e^2}=&\,\frac{25}{4}-4=\frac94. \end{align*}

Since e>0e>0, we obtain e=2/3e=2/3.