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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length aa. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point OO. The particle PP is held at the point AA, where OAOA makes an angle θ\theta with the downward vertical through OO, and with the string taut. The particle PP is projected perpendicular to OAOA in an upwards direction with speed uu. It then starts to move along a circular path in a vertical plane. The string goes slack when PP is at BB, where angle AOBAOB is 90∘90^\circ and the speed of PP is 45ag\sqrt{\frac45ag}.

(a) Find the value of sin⁡θ\sin\theta.

(2)

(b) Find, in terms of mm and gg, the tension in the string when PP is at AA.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根长为 aa 的不可伸长轻绳的一端,绳的另一端连接在固定点 OO 处。将质点 PP 保持在点 AA,使 OAOA 与经过 OO 的竖直向下方向成 θ\theta 角,并使绳绷紧。质点 PP 以速率 uu 沿垂直于 OAOA 且向上的方向抛出,随后开始在竖直平面内沿圆周路径运动。当 PP 位于 BB 时绳变松,此时角 AOBAOB 为 90∘90^\circ,PP 的速率为 45ag\sqrt{\frac45ag}。

(a) 求 sin⁡θ\sin\theta 的值。

(2)

(b) 用 mm 和 gg 表示 PP 位于 AA 时绳中的张力。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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在 BB 绳刚松弛,张力为零。因为 OAOA 与 OBOB 垂直,重力指向圆心的分量为 mgsin⁡θmg\sin\theta。

答题过程

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At BB the radius makes angle 90∘−θ90^\circ-\theta with the upward vertical. With zero tension, the inward radial equation is

mgsin⁡θ=m(4ag/5)a.mg\sin\theta=\frac{m(4ag/5)}a.

Thus sin⁡θ=4/5\sin\theta=4/5.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

由 AA 到 BB 的高度差和 BB 点速率求发射速率,再对 AA 点列径向方程。

答题过程

展开

The string first goes slack before the particle passes the highest point. To see this, write ϕ\phi for the angle of the radius from the downward vertical. Combining energy and the radial equation gives

T(ϕ)=mu2a+3mgcos⁡ϕ−2mgcos⁡θ.T(\phi)=\frac{mu^2}{a}+3mg\cos\phi-2mg\cos\theta.

If the highest point had already been passed before BB, the tension there would be T(B)+3mg(−1+4/5)=−3mg/5T(B)+3mg(-1+4/5)=-3mg/5, which is impossible for a taut string. Thus θ+90∘<180∘\theta+90^\circ<180^\circ, so θ\theta is acute and cos⁡θ=3/5\cos\theta=3/5.

The rise from AA to BB is a(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)=7a/5a(\cos\theta+\sin\theta)=7a/5. Conservation of energy gives

12mu2−12m45ag= mg75a,u2= 45ag+145ag= 185ag.\begin{align*} \frac12mu^2-\frac12m\frac45ag=&\,mg\frac75a,\\[4mm] u^2=&\,\frac45ag+\frac{14}{5}ag\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{18}{5}ag. \end{align*}

The weight has outward radial component mgcos⁡θmg\cos\theta at AA. If TT is the tension there,

T−mgcos⁡θ=mu2a.T-mg\cos\theta=\frac{mu^2}{a}.

Therefore T=m(18ag/5)/a+3mg/5=21mg/5T=m(18ag/5)/a+3mg/5=21mg/5.