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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

An object is formed from a solid hemisphere, of radius 2a2a, and a solid cylinder, of radius aa and height dd. The hemisphere and the cylinder are made of the same material. The cylinder is attached to the plane face of the hemisphere. The line OCOC forms a diameter of the base of the cylinder, where CC is the centre of the plane face of the hemisphere and OO is common to both circumferences (see diagram). Relative to axes through OO, parallel and perpendicular to OCOC as shown, the centre of mass of the object is (xˉ,yˉ)(\bar{x},\bar{y}).

(a) Show that xˉ=32a2+3ad16a+3d\bar{x}=\frac{32a^2+3ad}{16a+3d} and find an expression, in terms of aa and dd, for yˉ\bar{y}.

(5)

The object is placed on a rough plane which is inclined to the horizontal at an angle θ\theta where sin⁡θ=16\sin\theta=\frac16. The object is in equilibrium with COCO horizontal, where COCO lies in a vertical plane through a line of greatest slope.

(b) Find dd in terms of aa.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一个物体由一个半径为 2a2a 的实心半球和一个半径为 aa、高为 dd 的实心圆柱组成。半球和圆柱由同一种材料制成。圆柱连接在半球的平面上。线段 OCOC 是圆柱底面的一条直径,其中 CC 是半球平面的圆心,OO 是两个圆周的公共点(见图)。以图示经过 OO、分别平行和垂直于 OCOC 的坐标轴为参照,物体的质心坐标为 (xˉ,yˉ)(\bar{x},\bar{y})。

(a) 证明 xˉ=32a2+3ad16a+3d\bar{x}=\frac{32a^2+3ad}{16a+3d},并求 yˉ\bar{y} 关于 aa 和 dd 的表达式。

(5)

将该物体放在一个与水平面成 θ\theta 角的粗糙斜面上,其中 sin⁡θ=16\sin\theta=\frac16。物体保持平衡,且 COCO 水平;COCO 位于一个经过斜面最大坡度线的竖直平面内。

(b) 用 aa 表示 dd。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用图中的坐标取矩。半球质心在 OCOC 下方,圆柱质心在上方。两种材料密度相同,所以可以用体积作为权重。

答题过程

展开

The hemisphere has volume 16πa3/316\pi a^3/3. Its centroid has coordinates (2a,−3a/4)(2a,-3a/4), since its centre lies 2a2a to the right of OO and its centroid is 3(2a)/83(2a)/8 below the flat face. The cylinder has volume πa2d\pi a^2d and centroid (a,d/2)(a,d/2). Taking moments and cancelling πa2/3\pi a^2/3 gives

(16a+3d)xˉ= (16a)(2a)+(3d)a,xˉ= 32a2+3ad16a+3d.\begin{align*} (16a+3d)\bar{x}=&\,(16a)(2a)+(3d)a,\\[4mm] \bar{x}=&\,\frac{32a^2+3ad}{16a+3d}. \end{align*}

Similarly, the vertical moment equation gives

(16a+3d)yˉ= (16a)(−3a4)+(3d)d2= −12a2+32d2,yˉ= 3d2−24a22(16a+3d).\begin{align*} (16a+3d)\bar{y}=&\,(16a)\bigg(-\frac{3a}{4}\bigg)+(3d)\frac d2\\[4mm] =&\,-12a^2+\frac32d^2,\\[4mm] \bar{y}=&\,\frac{3d^2-24a^2}{2(16a+3d)}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

接触点处的半径垂直于斜面。物体平衡时,接触力的合力与重力共线,所以接触点与质心有相同的横坐标。

答题过程

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The object contacts the plane on the curved hemisphere. The radius from CC to the contact point makes angle θ\theta with the downward vertical, and its length is 2a2a. Since weight and the resultant contact force are the only external forces, their lines of action coincide. The contact point therefore has horizontal coordinate xˉ\bar{x}. As xˉ<2a\bar{x}<2a, it is to the left of CC, so

2a−xˉ=2asin⁡θ=a3.2a-\bar{x}=2a\sin\theta=\frac a3.

Substituting the expression from part (a) gives

2a−32a2+3ad16a+3d= a3,32a2+6ad−32a2−3ad16a+3d= a3,3ad16a+3d= a3,9d= 16a+3d.\begin{align*} 2a-\frac{32a^2+3ad}{16a+3d}=&\,\frac a3,\\[4mm] \frac{32a^2+6ad-32a^2-3ad}{16a+3d}=&\,\frac a3,\\[4mm] \frac{3ad}{16a+3d}=&\,\frac a3,\\[4mm] 9d=&\,16a+3d. \end{align*}

Hence d=8a/3d=8a/3.