题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . The particle is held at the point , where makes an angle with the downward vertical through , and with the string taut. The particle is projected perpendicular to in an upwards direction with speed . It then starts to move along a circular path in a vertical plane. The string goes slack when is at , where makes an angle with the upward vertical.
Given that , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个质量为 的质点 连接在一根长为 的不可伸长轻绳的一端,绳的另一端连接在固定点 处。将质点 保持在点 ,使 与经过 的竖直向下方向成 角,并使绳绷紧。质点 以速率 沿垂直于 且向上的方向抛出,随后开始在竖直平面内沿圆周路径运动。当 位于 时绳变松,其中 与竖直向上方向成 角。
已知 ,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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把 点的张力设为零,用重力径向分量表示速率。再用 到 的高度差写能量方程。
答题过程
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If the speed at is , zero tension gives , so . The rise from to is . Conservation of energy gives
Equating the two expressions for and dividing by gives
Hence .