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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Q1

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length aa. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point OO. The particle PP is held at the point AA, where OAOA makes an angle α\alpha with the downward vertical through OO, and with the string taut. The particle PP is projected perpendicular to OAOA in an upwards direction with speed 3ag\sqrt{3ag}. It then starts to move along a circular path in a vertical plane. The string goes slack when PP is at BB, where OBOB makes an angle θ\theta with the upward vertical.

Given that cos⁡α=45\cos\alpha=\frac45, find the value of cos⁡θ\cos\theta.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根长为 aa 的不可伸长轻绳的一端,绳的另一端连接在固定点 OO 处。将质点 PP 保持在点 AA,使 OAOA 与经过 OO 的竖直向下方向成 α\alpha 角,并使绳绷紧。质点 PP 以速率 3ag\sqrt{3ag} 沿垂直于 OAOA 且向上的方向抛出,随后开始在竖直平面内沿圆周路径运动。当 PP 位于 BB 时绳变松,其中 OBOB 与竖直向上方向成 θ\theta 角。

已知 cos⁡α=45\cos\alpha=\frac45,求 cos⁡θ\cos\theta 的值。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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把 BB 点的张力设为零,用重力径向分量表示速率。再用 AA 到 BB 的高度差写能量方程。

答题过程

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If the speed at BB is vv, zero tension gives mgcos⁡θ=mv2/amg\cos\theta=mv^2/a, so v2=agcos⁡θv^2=ag\cos\theta. The rise from AA to BB is a(cos⁡α+cos⁡θ)a(\cos\alpha+\cos\theta). Conservation of energy gives

12m(3ag)−12mv2= mga(cos⁡α+cos⁡θ),v2= 3ag−2ag(cos⁡α+cos⁡θ).\begin{align*} \frac12m(3ag)-\frac12mv^2=&\,mga(\cos\alpha+\cos\theta),\\[4mm] v^2=&\,3ag-2ag(\cos\alpha+\cos\theta). \end{align*}

Equating the two expressions for v2v^2 and dividing by agag gives

cos⁡θ= 3−2cos⁡α−2cos⁡θ,3cos⁡θ= 3−2⋅45=75.\begin{align*} \cos\theta=&\,3-2\cos\alpha-2\cos\theta,\\[4mm] 3\cos\theta=&\,3-2\cdot\frac45=\frac75. \end{align*}

Hence cos⁡θ=7/15\cos\theta=7/15.