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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A uniform lamina is in the form of a triangle ABCABC, with AC=8aAC=8a, BC=6aBC=6a and angle ACB=90∘ACB=90^\circ. The point DD on ACAC is such that AD=3aAD=3a. The point EE on CBCB is such that CE=xCE=x (see diagram). The triangle CDECDE is removed from the lamina.

(a) Find, in terms of aa and xx, the distance of the centre of mass of the remaining object ADEBADEB from ACAC.

(4)

The object ADEBADEB is on the point of toppling about the point EE when the object is in the vertical plane with its edge EBEB on a smooth horizontal surface.

(b) Find xx in terms of aa.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一块均匀薄片呈三角形 ABCABC 的形状,其中 AC=8aAC=8a,BC=6aBC=6a,角 ACB=90∘ACB=90^\circ。点 DD 位于 ACAC 上,且 AD=3aAD=3a。点 EE 位于 CBCB 上,且 CE=xCE=x(见图)。从薄片上移去三角形 CDECDE。

(a) 用 aa 和 xx 表示剩余物体 ADEBADEB 的质心到 ACAC 的距离。

(4)

当物体 ADEBADEB 位于竖直平面内,且边 EBEB 放在光滑水平面上时,物体恰好将绕点 EE 倾倒。

(b) 用 aa 表示 xx。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

大三角形和挖去的直角三角形都可以用垂直于 ACAC 的高确定质心距离。以面积为权重作减法。

答题过程

展开

The full triangle has area 24a224a^2 and centroid at distance 6a/3=2a6a/3=2a from ACAC. The removed triangle has legs CD=5aCD=5a and CE=xCE=x, so its area is 5ax/25ax/2 and its centroid is x/3x/3 from ACAC. Let x‾\overline{x} be the distance of the remaining centroid from ACAC. Taking area moments gives

(24a2−5ax2)x‾= 24a2(2a)−5ax2x3,x‾= 48a3−5ax2/624a2−5ax/2= 288a2−5x2144a−15x= 288a2−5x23(48a−5x)\begin{align*} \bigg(24a^2-\frac{5ax}{2}\bigg)\overline{x} =&\,24a^2(2a)-\frac{5ax}{2}\frac x3,\\[4mm] \overline{x}=&\,\frac{48a^3-5ax^2/6}{24a^2-5ax/2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{288a^2-5x^2}{144a-15x}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{288a^2-5x^2}{3(48a-5x)} \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

EBEB 水平,且将绕 EE 倾倒,因此质心在 EE 的正上方。它到 ACAC 的距离就等于 CECE。

答题过程

展开

At limiting equilibrium the line of action of the weight passes through EE. Since EBEB is horizontal and ACAC is perpendicular to it, the distance of the centre of mass from ACAC is xx. Therefore

x= 288a2−5x23(48a−5x),144ax−15x2= 288a2−5x2,10x2−144ax+288a2= 0,5x2−72ax+144a2= 0,(5x−12a)(x−12a)= 0.\begin{align*} x=&\,\frac{288a^2-5x^2}{3(48a-5x)},\\[4mm] 144ax-15x^2=&\,288a^2-5x^2,\\[4mm] 10x^2-144ax+288a^2=&\,0,\\[4mm] 5x^2-72ax+144a^2=&\,0,\\[4mm] (5x-12a)(x-12a)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Since 0<x<6a0<x<6a, the solution is x=12a/5x=12a/5.