题目
A uniform lamina is in the form of a triangle , with , and angle . The point on is such that . The point on is such that (see diagram). The triangle is removed from the lamina.
(a) Find, in terms of and , the distance of the centre of mass of the remaining object from .
The object is on the point of toppling about the point when the object is in the vertical plane with its edge on a smooth horizontal surface.
(b) Find in terms of .
题目中文翻译
一块均匀薄片呈三角形 的形状,其中 ,,角 。点 位于 上,且 。点 位于 上,且 (见图)。从薄片上移去三角形 。
(a) 用 和 表示剩余物体 的质心到 的距离。
当物体 位于竖直平面内,且边 放在光滑水平面上时,物体恰好将绕点 倾倒。
(b) 用 表示 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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大三角形和挖去的直角三角形都可以用垂直于 的高确定质心距离。以面积为权重作减法。
答题过程
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The full triangle has area and centroid at distance from . The removed triangle has legs and , so its area is and its centroid is from . Let be the distance of the remaining centroid from . Taking area moments gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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水平,且将绕 倾倒,因此质心在 的正上方。它到 的距离就等于 。
答题过程
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At limiting equilibrium the line of action of the weight passes through . Since is horizontal and is perpendicular to it, the distance of the centre of mass from is . Therefore
Since , the solution is .