题目
One end of a light elastic string, of natural length and modulus of elasticity , is attached to a fixed point . The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . The particle moves with constant speed in a horizontal circle with centre at a distance below . The string is inclined at an angle to the downward vertical through .
(a) Find, in terms of , the extension of the string.
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根自然长度为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹性绳的一端连接在固定点 处,另一端连接一个质量为 的质点。质点以恒定速率 沿水平圆周运动,圆心位于 下方距离为 处。绳与经过 的竖直向下方向成 角。
(a) 用 表示绳的伸长量。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用圆周半径 表示 。张力的水平、竖直分量相除后也能得到 ,联立即可求 。
答题过程
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Let be the radius and the tension. Vertical balance and radial motion give
Thus . The geometry gives , and . It follows that
Hence , and the string length is . The extension is .
解法二
思路
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也可直接设绷紧长度为 ,用直角三角形表示张力分量中的正弦、余弦。
答题过程
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The vertical and horizontal projections of the string have lengths and . Hence , and . Vertical balance gives . Substituting into the radial equation gives
Multiplying by gives
Since , we have and the extension is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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由竖直分量平衡求张力,再与 的伸长所对应的胡克定律联立。
答题过程
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Since , the tension is . Hooke’s law also gives . Thus .