Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Q5

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

One end of a light elastic string, of natural length 12a12a and modulus of elasticity kmgkmg, is attached to a fixed point OO. The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass mm. The particle moves with constant speed 323ag\frac32\sqrt{3ag} in a horizontal circle with centre at a distance 12a12a below OO. The string is inclined at an angle θ\theta to the downward vertical through OO.

(a) Find, in terms of aa, the extension of the string.

(5)

(b) Find the value of kk.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一根自然长度为 12a12a、弹性模量为 kmgkmg 的轻弹性绳的一端连接在固定点 OO 处,另一端连接一个质量为 mm 的质点。质点以恒定速率 323ag\frac32\sqrt{3ag} 沿水平圆周运动,圆心位于 OO 下方距离为 12a12a 处。绳与经过 OO 的竖直向下方向成 θ\theta 角。

(a) 用 aa 表示绳的伸长量。

(5)

(b) 求 kk 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

用圆周半径 rr 表示 tan⁡θ\tan\theta。张力的水平、竖直分量相除后也能得到 tan⁡θ\tan\theta,联立即可求 rr。

答题过程

展开

Let rr be the radius and TT the tension. Vertical balance and radial motion give

Tcos⁡θ= mg,Tsin⁡θ= mv2r.\begin{align*} T\cos\theta=&\,mg,\\[4mm] T\sin\theta=&\,\frac{mv^2}{r}. \end{align*}

Thus tan⁡θ=v2/(rg)\tan\theta=v^2/(rg). The geometry gives tan⁡θ=r/(12a)\tan\theta=r/(12a), and v2=27ag/4v^2=27ag/4. It follows that

r12a= v2rg,r2= 12ag⋅27ag4=81a2.\begin{align*} \frac{r}{12a}=&\,\frac{v^2}{rg},\\[4mm] r^2=&\,\frac{12a}{g}\cdot\frac{27ag}{4}=81a^2. \end{align*}

Hence r=9ar=9a, and the string length is (12a)2+(9a)2=15a\sqrt{(12a)^2+(9a)^2}=15a. The extension is 3a3a.

解法二

思路

展开

也可直接设绷紧长度为 LL,用直角三角形表示张力分量中的正弦、余弦。

答题过程

展开

The vertical and horizontal projections of the string have lengths 12a12a and L2−144a2\sqrt{L^2-144a^2}. Hence cos⁡θ=12a/L\cos\theta=12a/L, sin⁡θ=L2−144a2/L\sin\theta=\sqrt{L^2-144a^2}/L and r=L2−144a2r=\sqrt{L^2-144a^2}. Vertical balance gives T=mgL/(12a)T=mgL/(12a). Substituting into the radial equation gives

mgL2−144a212a=mv2L2−144a2.mg\frac{\sqrt{L^2-144a^2}}{12a} =\frac{mv^2}{\sqrt{L^2-144a^2}}.

Multiplying by 12aL2−144a2/(mg)12a\sqrt{L^2-144a^2}/(mg) gives

L2−144a2= 12av2g=81a2,L2= 225a2.\begin{align*} L^2-144a^2=&\,\frac{12av^2}{g}=81a^2,\\[4mm] L^2=&\,225a^2. \end{align*}

Since L>0L>0, we have L=15aL=15a and the extension is 15a−12a=3a15a-12a=3a.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

由竖直分量平衡求张力,再与 3a3a 的伸长所对应的胡克定律联立。

答题过程

展开

Since cos⁡θ=12a/(15a)=4/5\cos\theta=12a/(15a)=4/5, the tension is T=5mg/4T=5mg/4. Hooke’s law also gives T=kmg(3a)/(12a)=kmg/4T=kmg(3a)/(12a)=kmg/4. Thus k=5k=5.