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CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2023 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The points OO and PP are on a horizontal plane, a distance 8 m8\text{ m} apart. A ball is thrown from OO with speed u m s−1u\text{ m s}^{-1} at an angle θ\theta above the horizontal, where tan⁡θ=43\tan\theta=\frac43. At the same instant, a model aircraft is launched with speed 5 m s−15\text{ m s}^{-1} parallel to the horizontal plane from a point 4 m4\text{ m} vertically above PP. The model aircraft moves in the same vertical plane as the ball and in the same horizontal direction as the ball. The model aircraft moves horizontally with a constant speed of 5 m s−15\text{ m s}^{-1}. After T sT\text{ s}, the ball and the model aircraft collide.

(a) Find the value of TT.

(6)

(b) Find the direction in which the ball is moving immediately before the collision.

(3)
题目中文翻译

点 OO 和 PP 位于同一水平面上,相距 8 m8\text{ m}。一个球从 OO 以 u m s−1u\text{ m s}^{-1} 的速率、与水平方向成仰角 θ\theta 抛出,其中 tan⁡θ=43\tan\theta=\frac43。同一瞬间,一架模型飞机从 PP 正上方 4 m4\text{ m} 处以 5 m s−15\text{ m s}^{-1} 的速率、平行于该水平面的方向发射。模型飞机与球在同一个竖直平面内运动,且二者的水平运动方向相同。模型飞机以 5 m s−15\text{ m s}^{-1} 的恒定速率沿水平方向运动。经过 T sT\text{ s} 后,球与模型飞机发生碰撞。

(a) 求 TT 的值。

(6)

(b) 求碰撞前瞬间球的运动方向。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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以球的水平方向为正。碰撞时两者的水平坐标相同,球的高度为 44。用 tan⁡θ=4/3\tan\theta=4/3 把竖直初速度写成水平初速度的倍数,消去 uu。

答题过程

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Let ss be the initial horizontal coordinate of the aircraft, so s=8s=8 or s=−8s=-8 relative to OO. The aircraft has horizontal coordinate s+5Ts+5T at the collision. The ball then satisfies

uTcos⁡θ= s+5T,uTsin⁡θ−5T2= 4.\begin{align*} uT\cos\theta=&\,s+5T,\\[4mm] uT\sin\theta-5T^2=&\,4. \end{align*}

Using tan⁡θ=4/3\tan\theta=4/3 yields

4=43(s+5T)−5T2.4=\frac43(s+5T)-5T^2.

If s=−8s=-8, this gives 15T2−20T+44=015T^2-20T+44=0, whose discriminant is negative. Thus the aircraft starts ahead of the ball, with s=8s=8. The equation becomes

12= 32+20T−15T2,15T2−20T−20= 0,3T2−4T−4= 0,(3T+2)(T−2)= 0.\begin{align*} 12=&\,32+20T-15T^2,\\[4mm] 15T^2-20T-20=&\,0,\\[4mm] 3T^2-4T-4=&\,0,\\[4mm] (3T+2)(T-2)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The roots are T=−2/3T=-2/3 and T=2T=2. The positive time is T=2 sT=2\,\mathrm{s}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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由碰撞时的水平坐标求球的水平速度,再按原发射角求初始竖直分量。扣除两秒内重力造成的速度变化即可求方向。

答题过程

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At the collision, the ball has travelled 8+5(2)=18 m8+5(2)=18\,\mathrm{m} horizontally in 2 s2\,\mathrm{s}. Its horizontal velocity is therefore 9 m s−19\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Its initial upward component is 9(4/3)=12 m s−19(4/3)=12\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}, so its vertical component at impact is 12−10(2)=−8 m s−112-10(2)=-8\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. Its direction is

arctan⁡(8/9)=41.6∘\arctan(8/9)=41.6^\circ

below the horizontal.