题目
The points and are on a horizontal plane, a distance apart. A ball is thrown from with speed at an angle above the horizontal, where . At the same instant, a model aircraft is launched with speed parallel to the horizontal plane from a point vertically above . The model aircraft moves in the same vertical plane as the ball and in the same horizontal direction as the ball. The model aircraft moves horizontally with a constant speed of . After , the ball and the model aircraft collide.
(a) Find the value of .
(b) Find the direction in which the ball is moving immediately before the collision.
题目中文翻译
点 和 位于同一水平面上,相距 。一个球从 以 的速率、与水平方向成仰角 抛出,其中 。同一瞬间,一架模型飞机从 正上方 处以 的速率、平行于该水平面的方向发射。模型飞机与球在同一个竖直平面内运动,且二者的水平运动方向相同。模型飞机以 的恒定速率沿水平方向运动。经过 后,球与模型飞机发生碰撞。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 求碰撞前瞬间球的运动方向。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以球的水平方向为正。碰撞时两者的水平坐标相同,球的高度为 。用 把竖直初速度写成水平初速度的倍数,消去 。
答题过程
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Let be the initial horizontal coordinate of the aircraft, so or relative to . The aircraft has horizontal coordinate at the collision. The ball then satisfies
Using yields
If , this gives , whose discriminant is negative. Thus the aircraft starts ahead of the ball, with . The equation becomes
The roots are and . The positive time is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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由碰撞时的水平坐标求球的水平速度,再按原发射角求初始竖直分量。扣除两秒内重力造成的速度变化即可求方向。
答题过程
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At the collision, the ball has travelled horizontally in . Its horizontal velocity is therefore . Its initial upward component is , so its vertical component at impact is . Its direction is
below the horizontal.