Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 31 Q1

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

Two smooth uniform spheres AA and BB of equal radii have masses mm and 5m5m respectively. Sphere AA is moving on a smooth horizontal surface with speed uu when it collides with sphere BB which is at rest on the surface. Immediately before the collision, AA’s direction of motion makes an angle of θ\theta with the line of centres. After the collision, the kinetic energies of AA and BB are equal. The coefficient of restitution between the spheres is 12\frac12.

Find the value of tan⁡θ\tan\theta.

(6)
题目中文翻译

两个半径相等的光滑均匀球 AA 和 BB 的质量分别为 mm 和 5m5m。球 AA 以速率 uu 在光滑水平面上运动,并与静止在该平面上的球 BB 碰撞。碰撞前的瞬间,AA 的运动方向与两球连心线成角 θ\theta。碰撞后,AA 和 BB 的动能相等。两球之间的恢复系数为 12\frac12。

求 tan⁡θ\tan\theta 的值。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

展开

把碰撞分为沿球心连线和垂直于球心连线两个方向。沿线用动量守恒和恢复定律,再把碰后动能相等转化为关于 tan⁡θ\tan\theta 的方程。

答题过程

展开

Let vAv_A and vBv_B be the signed components along the line from AA to BB after impact. Conservation of momentum and restitution give

mvA+5mvB= mucos⁡θ,vA+5vB= ucos⁡θ,vB−vA= 12ucos⁡θ.\begin{align*} mv_A+5mv_B=&\,mu\cos\theta,\\[4mm] v_A+5v_B=&\,u\cos\theta,\\[4mm] v_B-v_A=&\,\frac12u\cos\theta. \end{align*}

Adding the last two equations gives 6vB=32ucos⁡θ6v_B=\frac32u\cos\theta. Hence vB=ucos⁡θ/4v_B=u\cos\theta/4 and vA=−ucos⁡θ/4v_A=-u\cos\theta/4. The perpendicular components are unchanged, with magnitudes usin⁡θu\sin\theta and zero respectively. Equating the final kinetic energies gives

12m(u2cos⁡2θ16+u2sin⁡2θ)=12(5m)u2cos⁡2θ16.\frac12m\bigg(\frac{u^2\cos^2\theta}{16}+u^2\sin^2\theta\bigg) =\frac12(5m)\frac{u^2\cos^2\theta}{16}.

Cancelling mu2/2mu^2/2 and multiplying by 1616 gives

cos⁡2θ+16sin⁡2θ= 5cos⁡2θ,16sin⁡2θ= 4cos⁡2θ,tan⁡2θ= 14.\begin{align*} \cos^2\theta+16\sin^2\theta=&\,5\cos^2\theta,\\[4mm] 16\sin^2\theta=&\,4\cos^2\theta,\\[4mm] \tan^2\theta=&\,\frac14. \end{align*}

Since θ\theta is acute, tan⁡θ=1/2\tan\theta=1/2.