题目
Two smooth uniform spheres and of equal radii have masses and respectively. Sphere is moving on a smooth horizontal surface with speed when it collides with sphere which is at rest on the surface. Immediately before the collision, ’s direction of motion makes an angle of with the line of centres. After the collision, the kinetic energies of and are equal. The coefficient of restitution between the spheres is .
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
两个半径相等的光滑均匀球 和 的质量分别为 和 。球 以速率 在光滑水平面上运动,并与静止在该平面上的球 碰撞。碰撞前的瞬间, 的运动方向与两球连心线成角 。碰撞后, 和 的动能相等。两球之间的恢复系数为 。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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把碰撞分为沿球心连线和垂直于球心连线两个方向。沿线用动量守恒和恢复定律,再把碰后动能相等转化为关于 的方程。
答题过程
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Let and be the signed components along the line from to after impact. Conservation of momentum and restitution give
Adding the last two equations gives . Hence and . The perpendicular components are unchanged, with magnitudes and zero respectively. Equating the final kinetic energies gives
Cancelling and multiplying by gives
Since is acute, .