At time t=0 seconds, a particle P is projected with speed u m s−1 at an angle 60∘ above the horizontal from a point O. In the subsequent motion P moves freely under gravity. The direction of motion of P when t=5 is perpendicular to its direction of motion when t=15.
Find the value of u.
(5)
题目中文翻译
在时刻 t=0 秒,质点 P 从点 O 以速率 u m s−1、与水平方向成 60∘ 的仰角抛出。在随后的运动中,P 仅在重力作用下自由运动。P 在 t=5 时的运动方向与其在 t=15 时的运动方向垂直。
求 u 的值。
(5)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
解法一
思路
展开
运动方向的斜率等于竖直速度分量与水平速度分量之比。两个方向垂直时,斜率的乘积为 −1。
答题过程
展开
The horizontal velocity is ucos60∘=u/2>0. At time t, the vertical velocity is usin60∘−gt. The gradients of the directions at times 5 and 15 are therefore
p5=p15=u/23u/2−5g,u/23u/2−15g.
The directions are perpendicular, so p5p15=−1. Hence