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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 31 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A ring of weight WW, with radius aa and centre OO, is at rest on a rough surface that is inclined to the horizontal at an angle α\alpha where tan⁡α=12\tan\alpha=\frac12. The plane of the ring is perpendicular to the inclined surface and parallel to a line of greatest slope of the surface. The point PP on the circumference of the ring is such that OPOP is parallel to the surface.

A light inextensible string is attached to PP and to the point QQ, which is on the surface, such that PQPQ is horizontal (see diagram). The points OO, PP and QQ are in the same vertical plane. The system is in limiting equilibrium and the coefficient of friction between the ring and the surface is μ\mu.

(a) Find, in terms of WW, the tension in the string PQPQ.

(4)

(b) Find the value of μ\mu.

(3)
题目中文翻译

一个重为 WW、半径为 aa、圆心为 OO 的圆环静止在粗糙斜面上。斜面与水平方向成角 α\alpha,其中 tan⁡α=12\tan\alpha=\frac12。圆环所在平面垂直于斜面,且平行于斜面的一条最大坡度线。圆环圆周上的点 PP 满足 OPOP 平行于斜面。

一根不可伸长轻绳连接在 PP 和斜面上的点 QQ 之间,使 PQPQ 保持水平(见图)。点 OO、PP 和 QQ 位于同一竖直平面内。系统处于极限平衡状态,圆环与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 μ\mu。

(a) 用 WW 表示绳 PQPQ 中的张力。

(4)

(b) 求 μ\mu 的值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先绕圆心取矩确定摩擦力的方向及大小关系,再沿斜面平衡力的分量。

答题过程

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Let TT be the tension and FF the magnitude of friction. The tension produces a clockwise moment of magnitude Tasin⁡αTa\sin\alpha about OO. Weight and the normal reaction have zero moment about OO. Friction therefore acts up the slope, with Fa=Tasin⁡αFa=Ta\sin\alpha. Equilibrium along the slope gives

F+Tcos⁡α=Wsin⁡α.F+T\cos\alpha=W\sin\alpha.

Substituting F=Tsin⁡αF=T\sin\alpha yields

T= Wsin⁡αsin⁡α+cos⁡α= Wtan⁡α1+tan⁡α= W/21+1/2=W3.\begin{align*} T=&\,\frac{W\sin\alpha}{\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{W\tan\alpha}{1+\tan\alpha}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{W/2}{1+1/2}=\frac W3. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可直接绕圆环与斜面的接触点取矩。摩擦力和支持力都通过该点,方程只含重力和张力。

答题过程

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Let SS be the contact point. The horizontal distance from SS to the vertical through OO is asin⁡αa\sin\alpha, giving weight moment Wasin⁡αWa\sin\alpha. The vertical distance from SS to the horizontal line through PP is acos⁡α+asin⁡αa\cos\alpha+a\sin\alpha. Equating the two moments gives

Ta(cos⁡α+sin⁡α)=Wasin⁡α.T a(\cos\alpha+\sin\alpha)=W a\sin\alpha.

With tan⁡α=1/2\tan\alpha=1/2, this gives T=W/3T=W/3.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

垂直斜面方向上,重力和水平张力都有分量压向斜面。求出支持力后,用极限摩擦关系求 μ\mu。

答题过程

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Resolving normal to the plane gives R=Wcos⁡α+Tsin⁡αR=W\cos\alpha+T\sin\alpha. From the moment equation about OO, F=Tsin⁡αF=T\sin\alpha. Since F=μRF=\mu R at limiting equilibrium and T=W/3T=W/3,

μ= (W/3)sin⁡αWcos⁡α+(W/3)sin⁡α= tan⁡α3+tan⁡α= 1/23+1/2=17.\begin{align*} \mu=&\,\frac{(W/3)\sin\alpha}{W\cos\alpha+(W/3)\sin\alpha}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{\tan\alpha}{3+\tan\alpha}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{1/2}{3+1/2}=\frac17. \end{align*}