题目
A ring of weight , with radius and centre , is at rest on a rough surface that is inclined to the horizontal at an angle where . The plane of the ring is perpendicular to the inclined surface and parallel to a line of greatest slope of the surface. The point on the circumference of the ring is such that is parallel to the surface.
A light inextensible string is attached to and to the point , which is on the surface, such that is horizontal (see diagram). The points , and are in the same vertical plane. The system is in limiting equilibrium and the coefficient of friction between the ring and the surface is .
(a) Find, in terms of , the tension in the string .
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个重为 、半径为 、圆心为 的圆环静止在粗糙斜面上。斜面与水平方向成角 ,其中 。圆环所在平面垂直于斜面,且平行于斜面的一条最大坡度线。圆环圆周上的点 满足 平行于斜面。
一根不可伸长轻绳连接在 和斜面上的点 之间,使 保持水平(见图)。点 、 和 位于同一竖直平面内。系统处于极限平衡状态,圆环与斜面之间的摩擦系数为 。
(a) 用 表示绳 中的张力。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
先绕圆心取矩确定摩擦力的方向及大小关系,再沿斜面平衡力的分量。
答题过程
展开
Let be the tension and the magnitude of friction. The tension produces a clockwise moment of magnitude about . Weight and the normal reaction have zero moment about . Friction therefore acts up the slope, with . Equilibrium along the slope gives
Substituting yields
解法二
思路
展开
也可直接绕圆环与斜面的接触点取矩。摩擦力和支持力都通过该点,方程只含重力和张力。
答题过程
展开
Let be the contact point. The horizontal distance from to the vertical through is , giving weight moment . The vertical distance from to the horizontal line through is . Equating the two moments gives
With , this gives .
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
垂直斜面方向上,重力和水平张力都有分量压向斜面。求出支持力后,用极限摩擦关系求 。
答题过程
展开
Resolving normal to the plane gives . From the moment equation about , . Since at limiting equilibrium and ,