题目
A smooth sphere with centre and of radius is fixed to a horizontal plane. A particle of mass is projected horizontally from the highest point of the sphere with speed , so that it begins to move along the surface of the sphere. The particle loses contact with the sphere at the point on the sphere, where makes an angle with the upward vertical through .
(a) Show that .
It is given that .
(b) Find, in terms of and , an expression for the vertical component of the velocity of just before it hits the horizontal plane to which the sphere is fixed.
(c) Find an expression for the time taken by to fall from to the plane. Give your answer in the form , stating the value of correct to 3 significant figures.
题目中文翻译
一个圆心为 、半径为 的光滑球体固定在水平面上。质量为 的质点 从球体最高点以速率 水平抛出,开始沿球面运动。质点 在球面上的点 处与球体失去接触,其中 与过 的竖直向上方向成角 。
(a) 证明 。
已知 。
(b) 用 和 表示 即将撞上球体所固定的水平面前,其速度的竖直分量。
(c) 求 从 落到该平面所需时间的表达式。将答案写成 的形式,并给出保留 3 位有效数字的 值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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用能量守恒把 点速率和初速率联系起来。在失去接触时令支持力为零,径向分量只剩重力的分量。
答题过程
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Let be the speed at . The particle drops by along the sphere, so
At detachment the normal reaction is zero. Resolving towards gives , or . Eliminating gives
(b)
解法一
思路
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离开球面时的速度沿切线。先求其向下分量,再用 到平面的高度差求落地前的竖直速度。
答题过程
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With , the speed at satisfies . The tangent points down at angle to the horizontal, so the downward component satisfies
The height of above the plane is . Taking downwards as positive, the vertical component at impact satisfies
Thus the vertical component is downwards.
(c)
解法一
思路
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脱离后向下的加速度为 。用落地与离开球面时的两个竖直分量之差除以 。
答题过程
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The time of flight is
to three significant figures in the coefficient.