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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 32 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

At time t=0t=0 seconds, a particle PP is projected with speed u m s−1u\text{ m s}^{-1} at an angle 60∘60^\circ above the horizontal from a point OO. In the subsequent motion PP moves freely under gravity. The direction of motion of PP when t=5t=5 is perpendicular to its direction of motion when t=15t=15.

Find the value of uu.

(5)
题目中文翻译

在时刻 t=0t=0 秒,质点 PP 从点 OO 以速率 u m s−1u\text{ m s}^{-1}、与水平方向成 60∘60^\circ 的仰角抛出。在随后的运动中,PP 仅在重力作用下自由运动。PP 在 t=5t=5 时的运动方向与其在 t=15t=15 时的运动方向垂直。

求 uu 的值。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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运动方向的斜率等于竖直速度分量与水平速度分量之比。两个方向垂直时,斜率的乘积为 −1-1。

答题过程

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The horizontal velocity is ucos⁡60∘=u/2>0u\cos60^\circ=u/2>0. At time tt, the vertical velocity is usin⁡60∘−gtu\sin60^\circ-gt. The gradients of the directions at times 55 and 1515 are therefore

p5= 3u/2−5gu/2,p15= 3u/2−15gu/2.\begin{align*} p_5=&\,\frac{\sqrt3u/2-5g}{u/2},\\[4mm] p_{15}=&\,\frac{\sqrt3u/2-15g}{u/2}. \end{align*}

The directions are perpendicular, so p5p15=−1p_5p_{15}=-1. Hence

(3u2−5g)(3u2−15g)= −u24,u2−103gu+75g2= 0,(u−53g)2= 0.\begin{align*} \bigg(\frac{\sqrt3u}{2}-5g\bigg)\bigg(\frac{\sqrt3u}{2}-15g\bigg)=&\,-\frac{u^2}{4},\\[4mm] u^2-10\sqrt3gu+75g^2=&\,0,\\[4mm] (u-5\sqrt3g)^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

With g=10g=10, the speed is u=503 m s−1≈86.6 m s−1u=50\sqrt3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}\approx86.6\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}. The two gradients are then 1/31/\sqrt3 and −3-\sqrt3, confirming that the directions are perpendicular.

解法二

思路

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分别写出两个时刻的速度向量。垂直向量的点积为零,直接用这个条件求初速率。

答题过程

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The velocity components at times 55 and 1515 are

v5= (u2,3u2−5g),v15= (u2,3u2−15g).\begin{align*} \mathbf v_5=&\,\bigg(\frac u2,\frac{\sqrt3 u}{2}-5g\bigg),\\[4mm] \mathbf v_{15}=&\,\bigg(\frac u2,\frac{\sqrt3 u}{2}-15g\bigg). \end{align*}

Their dot product is zero, so

u24+(3u2−5g)(3u2−15g)=0.\frac{u^2}{4} +\bigg(\frac{\sqrt3 u}{2}-5g\bigg) \bigg(\frac{\sqrt3 u}{2}-15g\bigg)=0.

Expanding gives

u24+3u24−103gu+75g2= 0,u2−103gu+75g2= 0,(u−53g)2= 0.\begin{align*} \frac{u^2}{4}+\frac{3u^2}{4}-10\sqrt3gu+75g^2=&\,0,\\[4mm] u^2-10\sqrt3gu+75g^2=&\,0,\\[4mm] (u-5\sqrt3g)^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence u=503 m s−1≈86.6 m s−1u=50\sqrt3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}\approx86.6\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.