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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 32 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A smooth sphere with centre OO and of radius aa is fixed to a horizontal plane. A particle PP of mass mm is projected horizontally from the highest point of the sphere with speed uu, so that it begins to move along the surface of the sphere. The particle PP loses contact with the sphere at the point QQ on the sphere, where OQOQ makes an angle θ\theta with the upward vertical through OO.

(a) Show that cos⁡θ=u2+2ag3ag\cos\theta=\frac{u^2+2ag}{3ag}.

(4)

It is given that cos⁡θ=56\cos\theta=\frac56.

(b) Find, in terms of aa and gg, an expression for the vertical component of the velocity of PP just before it hits the horizontal plane to which the sphere is fixed.

(3)

(c) Find an expression for the time taken by PP to fall from QQ to the plane. Give your answer in the form kagk\sqrt{\frac{a}{g}}, stating the value of kk correct to 3 significant figures.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一个圆心为 OO、半径为 aa 的光滑球体固定在水平面上。质量为 mm 的质点 PP 从球体最高点以速率 uu 水平抛出,开始沿球面运动。质点 PP 在球面上的点 QQ 处与球体失去接触,其中 OQOQ 与过 OO 的竖直向上方向成角 θ\theta。

(a) 证明 cos⁡θ=u2+2ag3ag\cos\theta=\frac{u^2+2ag}{3ag}。

(4)

已知 cos⁡θ=56\cos\theta=\frac56。

(b) 用 aa 和 gg 表示 PP 即将撞上球体所固定的水平面前,其速度的竖直分量。

(3)

(c) 求 PP 从 QQ 落到该平面所需时间的表达式。将答案写成 kagk\sqrt{\frac{a}{g}} 的形式,并给出保留 3 位有效数字的 kk 值。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用能量守恒把 QQ 点速率和初速率联系起来。在失去接触时令支持力为零,径向分量只剩重力的分量。

答题过程

展开

Let vv be the speed at QQ. The particle drops by a(1−cos⁡θ)a(1-\cos\theta) along the sphere, so

12mv2= 12mu2+mga(1−cos⁡θ),v2= u2+2ag(1−cos⁡θ).\begin{align*} \frac12mv^2=&\,\frac12mu^2+mga(1-\cos\theta),\\[4mm] v^2=&\,u^2+2ag(1-\cos\theta). \end{align*}

At detachment the normal reaction is zero. Resolving towards OO gives mgcos⁡θ=mv2/amg\cos\theta=mv^2/a, or v2=agcos⁡θv^2=ag\cos\theta. Eliminating v2v^2 gives

agcos⁡θ= u2+2ag(1−cos⁡θ),3agcos⁡θ= u2+2ag,cos⁡θ= u2+2ag3ag.\begin{align*} ag\cos\theta=&\,u^2+2ag(1-\cos\theta),\\[4mm] 3ag\cos\theta=&\,u^2+2ag,\\[4mm] \cos\theta=&\,\frac{u^2+2ag}{3ag}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

离开球面时的速度沿切线。先求其向下分量,再用 QQ 到平面的高度差求落地前的竖直速度。

答题过程

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With cos⁡θ=5/6\cos\theta=5/6, the speed at QQ satisfies v2=5ag/6v^2=5ag/6. The tangent points down at angle θ\theta to the horizontal, so the downward component w=vsin⁡θw=v\sin\theta satisfies

w2=56ag(1−2536)=55216ag.w^2=\frac56ag\bigg(1-\frac{25}{36}\bigg)=\frac{55}{216}ag.

The height of QQ above the plane is a(1+cos⁡θ)=11a/6a(1+\cos\theta)=11a/6. Taking downwards as positive, the vertical component VyV_y at impact satisfies

Vy2= w2+2g11a6= (55216+792216)ag= 847216ag.\begin{align*} V_y^2=&\,w^2+2g\frac{11a}{6}\\[4mm] =&\,\bigg(\frac{55}{216}+\frac{792}{216}\bigg)ag\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{847}{216}ag. \end{align*}

Thus the vertical component is 847ag/216\sqrt{847ag/216} downwards.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

脱离后向下的加速度为 gg。用落地与离开球面时的两个竖直分量之差除以 gg。

答题过程

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The time of flight is

t= Vy−wg= 847−55216ag≈ 1.48ag\begin{align*} t=&\,\frac{V_y-w}{g}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{\sqrt{847}-\sqrt{55}}{\sqrt{216}}\sqrt{\frac ag}\\[4mm] \approx&\,1.48\sqrt{\frac ag} \end{align*}

to three significant figures in the coefficient.