题目
Two smooth uniform spheres and of equal radii have masses and respectively. The two spheres are moving on a smooth horizontal surface when they collide with speeds and respectively. Immediately before the collision, ’s direction of motion is along the line of centres, and ’s direction of motion makes an angle with the line of centres (see diagram).
As a result of the collision, the direction of motion of is reversed and its speed is reduced to . The direction of motion of again makes an angle with the line of centres, but on the opposite side of the line of centres. The speed of is unchanged.
Find the value of the coefficient of restitution between the spheres.
题目中文翻译
两个半径相等的光滑均匀球 和 的质量分别为 和 。两球在光滑水平面上运动,并分别以速率 和 发生碰撞。碰撞前的瞬间, 沿两球连心线方向运动, 的运动方向与连心线成角 (见图)。
碰撞使 的运动方向反向,速率减小到 。 的运动方向仍与连心线成角 ,但位于连心线的另一侧。 的速率不变。
求两球之间的恢复系数。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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沿球心连线列动量守恒。 垂直于球心连线的分量不变,速率也不变,所以图示的方向变化对应沿线分量反号。
答题过程
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Take the direction from to as positive along the line of centres. The components of before and after impact are and . From the diagram and the stated deflection, the corresponding components of are and . Momentum conservation gives
Thus , so and . The separation and approach speeds along the line of centres are and . The coefficient of restitution is