题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light elastic string of natural length and modulus of elasticity . A particle of mass is attached to the other end of the string. Particle lies on a smooth horizontal table. The string has part of its length in contact with the table and then passes through a small smooth hole in the table.
Particle moves in a horizontal circle on the surface of the table with constant speed . Particle hangs in equilibrium vertically below the hole with .
(a) Find, in terms of , the extension in the string.
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 连接在一根原长为 、弹性模量为 的轻弹性绳的一端。质量为 的质点 连接在绳的另一端。质点 位于光滑水平桌面上。绳的一部分与桌面接触,然后穿过桌面上的光滑小孔 。
质点 以恒定速率 在桌面上的水平圆周上运动。质点 悬挂在小孔的正下方并处于平衡状态,且 。
(a) 用 表示绳的伸长量。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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圆周半径是桌面上的绳长,等于总长减去 。用胡克定律和向心力方程表示同一个张力。
答题过程
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Let be the extension. The radius is . Hooke’s law and the radial equation give
Equating these expressions gives
The roots are and . The latter is impossible for a taut string, so .
(b)
解法一
思路
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对悬挂的 做竖直平衡。小孔光滑,两侧张力相同。
答题过程
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The tension is . Since is in equilibrium, , so .