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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 33 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length aa. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point OO. When the particle is hanging vertically below OO, it is projected horizontally with speed uu so that it begins to move along a circular path. When PP is at the lowest point of its motion, the tension in the string is TT. When OPOP makes an angle θ\theta with the upward vertical, the tension in the string is SS.

(a) Show that S=T−3mg(1+cos⁡θ)S=T-3mg(1+\cos\theta).

(5)

(b) Given that u=4agu=\sqrt{4ag}, find the value of cos⁡θ\cos\theta when the string goes slack.

(2)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根长为 aa 的不可伸长轻绳的一端。绳的另一端连接在固定点 OO。当质点悬挂在 OO 的正下方时,将它以速率 uu 水平抛出,使其开始沿圆形轨道运动。当 PP 位于运动的最低点时,绳中的张力为 TT。当 OPOP 与竖直向上方向成角 θ\theta 时,绳中的张力为 SS。

(a) 证明 S=T−3mg(1+cos⁡θ)S=T-3mg(1+\cos\theta)。

(5)

(b) 已知 u=4agu=\sqrt{4ag},求绳变得松弛时 cos⁡θ\cos\theta 的值。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

从最低点到角度 θ\theta 对应的位置,先用高度差写出速率的平方变化。再对两点写径向方程并相减。

答题过程

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At the bottom, T−mg=mu2/aT-mg=mu^2/a. At angle θ\theta to the upward vertical, the radial equation is

S+mgcos⁡θ=mv2a.S+mg\cos\theta=\frac{mv^2}{a}.

The rise from the bottom is a(1+cos⁡θ)a(1+\cos\theta). Conservation of energy gives

12mu2−12mv2= mga(1+cos⁡θ),v2= u2−2ga(1+cos⁡θ).\begin{align*} \frac12mu^2-\frac12mv^2=&\,mga(1+\cos\theta),\\[4mm] v^2=&\,u^2-2ga(1+\cos\theta). \end{align*}

Therefore

S= mu2a−2mg(1+cos⁡θ)−mgcos⁡θ= (T−mg)−2mg−3mgcos⁡θ= T−3mg(1+cos⁡θ).\begin{align*} S=&\,\frac{mu^2}{a}-2mg(1+\cos\theta)-mg\cos\theta\\[4mm] =&\,(T-mg)-2mg-3mg\cos\theta\\[4mm] =&\,T-3mg(1+\cos\theta). \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

绳刚松弛时张力为零。先由底部速率算出 TT,再代入上一问。

答题过程

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With u2=4agu^2=4ag, the bottom equation gives T=5mgT=5mg. Putting S=0S=0 in the result from part (a) gives 5=3(1+cos⁡θ)5=3(1+\cos\theta), so cos⁡θ=2/3\cos\theta=2/3.