题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . When the particle is hanging vertically below , it is projected horizontally with speed so that it begins to move along a circular path. When is at the lowest point of its motion, the tension in the string is . When makes an angle with the upward vertical, the tension in the string is .
(a) Show that .
(b) Given that , find the value of when the string goes slack.
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 连接在一根长为 的不可伸长轻绳的一端。绳的另一端连接在固定点 。当质点悬挂在 的正下方时,将它以速率 水平抛出,使其开始沿圆形轨道运动。当 位于运动的最低点时,绳中的张力为 。当 与竖直向上方向成角 时,绳中的张力为 。
(a) 证明 。
(b) 已知 ,求绳变得松弛时 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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从最低点到角度 对应的位置,先用高度差写出速率的平方变化。再对两点写径向方程并相减。
答题过程
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At the bottom, . At angle to the upward vertical, the radial equation is
The rise from the bottom is . Conservation of energy gives
Therefore
(b)
解法一
思路
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绳刚松弛时张力为零。先由底部速率算出 ,再代入上一问。
答题过程
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With , the bottom equation gives . Putting in the result from part (a) gives , so .