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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 33 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

A light spring of natural length aa and modulus of elasticity kmgkmg is attached to a fixed point OO on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle θ\theta, where sin⁡θ=34\sin\theta=\frac34. A particle of mass mm is attached to the lower end of the spring and is held at the point AA on the plane, where OA=2aOA=2a and OAOA is along a line of greatest slope of the plane (see diagram).

The particle is released from rest and is moving with speed VV when it passes through the point BB on the plane, where OB=32aOB=\frac32a. The speed of the particle is 12V\frac12V when it passes through the point CC on the plane, where OC=34aOC=\frac34a.

Find the value of kk.

(7)
题目中文翻译

一根原长为 aa、弹性模量为 kmgkmg 的轻弹簧连接在光滑斜面上的固定点 OO。斜面与水平方向成角 θ\theta,其中 sin⁡θ=34\sin\theta=\frac34。质量为 mm 的质点连接在弹簧的下端,并被保持在斜面上的点 AA 处,其中 OA=2aOA=2a,且 OAOA 沿斜面的一条最大坡度线(见图)。

将质点由静止释放。当它经过斜面上的点 BB 时,其速率为 VV,其中 OB=32aOB=\frac32a。当质点经过斜面上的点 CC 时,其速率为 12V\frac12V,其中 OC=34aOC=\frac34a。

求 kk 的值。

(7)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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取弹簧的自然长度为基准,三个位置的形变量分别为 aa、a/2a/2 和 −a/4-a/4。分别从 AA 到 BB、从 AA 到 CC 用能量守恒,再消去 V2V^2。

答题过程

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The elastic potential energy at signed extension ss is kmgs2/(2a)kmgs^2/(2a). The rise from AA to BB is (a/2)(3/4)=3a/8(a/2)(3/4)=3a/8, and the rise from AA to CC is (5a/4)(3/4)=15a/16(5a/4)(3/4)=15a/16. Conservation of energy gives

12mV2= kmg2a(a2−a24)−mga2sin⁡θ= 38kmga−38mga= 38mga(k−1),18mV2= kmg2a(a2−a216)−mg5a4sin⁡θ= 1532kmga−1516mga= 1532mga(k−2).\begin{align*} \frac12mV^2=&\,\frac{kmg}{2a}\bigg(a^2-\frac{a^2}{4}\bigg)-mg\frac a2\sin\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\frac38kmga-\frac38mga\\[4mm] =&\,\frac38mga(k-1),\\[4mm] \frac18mV^2=&\,\frac{kmg}{2a}\bigg(a^2-\frac{a^2}{16}\bigg)-mg\frac{5a}{4}\sin\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{15}{32}kmga-\frac{15}{16}mga\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{15}{32}mga(k-2). \end{align*}

The second kinetic energy is one quarter of the first, so 15(k−2)=3(k−1)15(k-2)=3(k-1). Thus 15k−30=3k−315k-30=3k-3, giving 12k=2712k=27 and k=9/4k=9/4.

解法二

思路

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也可以比较 BB 与 CC 两个经过点。弹簧的势能减少,但质点上升且速率减半,从这两点的能量差可再得到一个关于 V2V^2 的式子。

答题过程

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From BB to CC the change in kinetic energy is −38mV2-\frac38mV^2, the change in gravitational potential energy is mg(3a/4)(3/4)=9mga/16mg(3a/4)(3/4)=9mga/16, and the decrease in elastic potential energy is

kmg2a(a24−a216)=332kmga.\frac{kmg}{2a}\bigg(\frac{a^2}{4}-\frac{a^2}{16}\bigg)=\frac3{32}kmga.

The energy equation is therefore

−38mV2+mg3a4sin⁡θ= 332kmga,−12V2+18ag= 3kag,V2= 14ag(6−k).\begin{align*} -\frac38mV^2+mg\frac{3a}{4}\sin\theta=&\,\frac3{32}kmga,\\[4mm] -12V^2+18ag=&\,3kag,\\[4mm] V^2=&\,\frac14ag(6-k). \end{align*}

From AA to BB, energy conservation gives V2=34ag(k−1)V^2=\frac34ag(k-1), as in the first method. Equating gives 6−k=3(k−1)6-k=3(k-1), so 4k=94k=9 and k=9/4k=9/4.