题目
A uniform lamina is in the form of a triangle , with , and angle . The point on is such that (see diagram). The triangle is removed from the lamina.
(a) Find, in terms of and , the distance of the centre of mass of the remaining object from .
The object is suspended from . In its equilibrium position, the side makes an angle with the vertical, where .
(b) Find in terms of .
题目中文翻译
一块均匀薄片呈三角形 ,其中 ,,角 。 上的点 满足 (见图)。从薄片中移去三角形 。
(a) 用 和 表示剩余物体 的质心到 的距离。
将物体 从点 悬挂。在平衡位置,边 与竖直方向成角 ,其中 。
(b) 用 表示 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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以 为取矩基准。由大三角形的面积矩减去挖掉的三角形的面积矩。
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The triangle has area and centroid at distance from . The removed triangle has area and centroid at distance from . Thus the remaining centroid is at distance
The cancellation is valid since .
解法二
思路
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剩下的图形本身是均匀三角形。用三个顶点到 的带符号距离的平均值,可以直接求质心到 的距离。
答题过程
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Using horizontal coordinates from , the three vertices , and have coordinates , and . The centroid of a uniform triangle has the average of the three vertex coordinates. Its distance from is therefore .
(b)
解法一
思路
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悬挂后质心位于 的正下方。用原来图形中的水平、竖直位移,计算 与 到质心的连线夹角。
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The centroid is at height above . From to the centroid, the horizontal and downward components are and . The joining line becomes vertical after suspension, and was horizontal in the original coordinates. Hence
Thus , giving .