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CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 33 Q5

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2024 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A uniform lamina is in the form of a triangle OBCOBC, with OC=18aOC=18a, OB=24aOB=24a and angle COB=90∘COB=90^\circ. The point AA on OBOB is such that OA=xOA=x (see diagram). The triangle OACOAC is removed from the lamina.

(a) Find, in terms of aa and xx, the distance of the centre of mass of the remaining object ABCABC from OCOC.

(3)

The object ABCABC is suspended from CC. In its equilibrium position, the side ABAB makes an angle θ\theta with the vertical, where tan⁡θ=65\tan\theta=\frac65.

(b) Find xx in terms of aa.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一块均匀薄片呈三角形 OBCOBC,其中 OC=18aOC=18a,OB=24aOB=24a,角 COB=90∘COB=90^\circ。OBOB 上的点 AA 满足 OA=xOA=x(见图)。从薄片中移去三角形 OACOAC。

(a) 用 aa 和 xx 表示剩余物体 ABCABC 的质心到 OCOC 的距离。

(3)

将物体 ABCABC 从点 CC 悬挂。在平衡位置,边 ABAB 与竖直方向成角 θ\theta,其中 tan⁡θ=65\tan\theta=\frac65。

(b) 用 aa 表示 xx。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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以 OCOC 为取矩基准。由大三角形的面积矩减去挖掉的三角形的面积矩。

答题过程

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The triangle OBCOBC has area 216a2216a^2 and centroid at distance 8a8a from OCOC. The removed triangle OACOAC has area 9ax9ax and centroid at distance x/3x/3 from OCOC. Thus the remaining centroid is at distance

x‾= 216a2(8a)−9ax(x/3)216a2−9ax= (24a)2−x23(24a−x)= (24a−x)(24a+x)3(24a−x)= 24a+x3.\begin{align*} \overline{x}=&\,\frac{216a^2(8a)-9ax(x/3)}{216a^2-9ax}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{(24a)^2-x^2}{3(24a-x)}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{(24a-x)(24a+x)}{3(24a-x)}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{24a+x}{3}. \end{align*}

The cancellation is valid since 0<x<24a0<x<24a.

解法二

思路

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剩下的图形本身是均匀三角形。用三个顶点到 OCOC 的带符号距离的平均值,可以直接求质心到 OCOC 的距离。

答题过程

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Using horizontal coordinates from OCOC, the three vertices AA, BB and CC have coordinates xx, 24a24a and 00. The centroid of a uniform triangle has the average of the three vertex coordinates. Its distance from OCOC is therefore (x+24a)/3(x+24a)/3.

(b)

解法一

思路

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悬挂后质心位于 CC 的正下方。用原来图形中的水平、竖直位移,计算 ABAB 与 CC 到质心的连线夹角。

答题过程

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The centroid is at height (0+0+18a)/3=6a(0+0+18a)/3=6a above OBOB. From CC to the centroid, the horizontal and downward components are (24a+x)/3(24a+x)/3 and 12a12a. The joining line becomes vertical after suspension, and ABAB was horizontal in the original coordinates. Hence

tan⁡θ=12a(24a+x)/3=65.\tan\theta=\frac{12a}{(24a+x)/3}=\frac65.

Thus 24a+x=30a24a+x=30a, giving x=6ax=6a.