题目
A rough horizontal disc, centre , rotates with constant angular speed . A particle of mass lies on the disc at a distance from , and is attached to a point vertically above by a light elastic string. The string has natural length , modulus of elasticity and makes an angle with the vertical (see diagram). Particle moves in a horizontal circle also at a constant angular speed . Particle is on the point of slipping in the direction . The coefficient of friction between the particle and the disc is .
(a) Given that the tension in the string is , show that .
(b) Find the number of revolutions per minute made by the disc and the particle .
题目中文翻译
一个圆心为 的粗糙水平圆盘以恒定角速度 转动。质量为 的质点 位于圆盘上,距 为 ,并由一根轻弹性绳连接到 正上方的点 。绳的原长为 ,弹性模量为 ,与竖直线 的夹角为 (见图)。质点 也以恒定角速度 做水平圆周运动。质点 恰好要沿 方向滑动。质点与圆盘之间的摩擦系数为 。
(a) 已知绳的张力为 ,证明 。
(b) 求圆盘及质点 每分钟转动的圈数。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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由张力求伸长,再把绳的总长作为直角三角形的斜边。
答题过程
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If the extension is , Hooke’s law gives . Hence and . The horizontal distance is , so
(b)
解法一
思路
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先做竖直平衡求支持力。质点将向外滑时,极限摩擦力向内,与张力的水平分量一起提供向心力。
答题过程
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As , vertical equilibrium gives
The friction is towards . The radial equation is
This gives , hence . Since one revolution is radians, the rate of the disc and particle is revolutions per minute.