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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 32 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A fixed hollow sphere has radius aa and centre OO. The points AA, BB and CC lie on the inner surface of the sphere with OAOA and BCBC horizontal. A portion of the sphere has been removed by a horizontal cut through points BB and CC at a vertical distance kaka above the centre of the sphere, where kk is a positive constant and k<1k<1. The points OO, AA, BB and CC all lie in the same vertical plane. OBOB makes an angle θ\theta with the upward vertical through OO (see diagram).

A particle PP of mass mm is free to move on the smooth inner surface of the sphere. The particle PP is projected vertically downwards from AA with speed uu and begins to move in a vertical circle.

(a) In the case where u=65gau=\sqrt{\frac65ga}, the reaction on PP at BB is half the reaction on PP at AA.

Find the value of kk.

(5)

(b) Find an expression for uu, in terms of aa and gg, in the case that the particle just reaches BB.

(1)

(c) Find an expression for uu, in terms of aa and gg, in the case that the particle passes through BB and in its subsequent motion reaches CC.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个固定的空心球的半径为 aa,球心为 OO。点 AA、BB 和 CC 位于球的内表面上,其中 OAOA 和 BCBC 水平。在高于球心 kaka 的位置,沿经过 BB、CC 的水平面切去球的一部分,其中 kk 为正常数且 k<1k<1。点 OO、AA、BB 和 CC 位于同一个竖直平面内。OBOB 与过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 θ\theta 角(见图)。

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 可在球的光滑内表面上自由运动。将 PP 从 AA 以速率 uu 竖直向下发射,质点开始做竖直圆周运动。

(a) 当 u=65gau=\sqrt{\frac65ga} 时,PP 在 BB 处受到的支持力是其在 AA 处受到的支持力的一半。

求 kk 的值。

(5)

(b) 在质点恰好到达 BB 的情况下,用 aa 和 gg 表示 uu。

(1)

(c) 在质点经过 BB 并在随后的运动中到达 CC 的情况下,用 aa 和 gg 表示 uu。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

题目勘误

官方原题 (b) 要求质点“just reaches BB”,官方评分标准据此取 BB 处速率为零,得到 u=25agu=\sqrt{\frac25ag}。但由 (a) 的 k=15k=\frac15,此时若仍沿球面运动,BB 处所需支持力为 −15mg-\frac15mg;光滑球面不能提供负的支持力,质点会在到达 BB 前脱离球面。

实际上应为同时满足球面接触条件:沿内表面到达 BB 时必须有 vB2≥15agv_B^2\geq\frac15ag,不能将 BB 处速率取为零。若“恰好到达”指保持接触到达 BB 所需的最小初速,则应取 BB 处支持力为零。本页忠实保留官方英文原题与中文翻译,不擅自改写该条件。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先由图读出 cos⁡θ=k\cos\theta=k。用 AA、BB 两点的径向方程表示支持力,再用能量守恒消去 BB 点速率。

答题过程

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Let vv be the speed at BB, and RAR_A, RBR_B the normal reactions. The height of BB above OO is kaka, so cos⁡θ=k\cos\theta=k. The radial equations towards OO give

RA= mu2a,RB+mgk= mv2a.\begin{align*} R_A=&\,\frac{mu^2}{a},\\[4mm] R_B+mgk=&\,\frac{mv^2}{a}. \end{align*}

Using RB=RA/2R_B=R_A/2 yields v2=12u2+agkv^2=\frac12u^2+agk. Energy conservation from AA to BB also gives v2=u2−2agkv^2=u^2-2agk. Equating the expressions for v2v^2 gives

u2−2agk= 12u2+agk,12u2= 3agk,35ga= 3agk.\begin{align*} u^2-2agk=&\,\frac12u^2+agk,\\[4mm] \frac12u^2=&\,3agk,\\[4mm] \frac35ga=&\,3agk. \end{align*}

Since a,g>0a,g>0, k=1/5k=1/5.

(c)

解法一

思路

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从 BB 飞到同高的 CC 时,用竖直运动求飞行时间,再用这段时间内的水平位移求 BB 点速率。

答题过程

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The tangent at BB points upwards towards CC, at angle θ\theta above the horizontal. Since cos⁡θ=1/5\cos\theta=1/5, the separation is BC=2asin⁡θBC=2a\sin\theta. Let vv be the speed at BB. For the flight from BB to CC, the vertical displacement is zero, so the nonzero flight time is 2vsin⁡θ/g2v\sin\theta/g. The horizontal displacement then gives

2asin⁡θ=vcos⁡θ2vsin⁡θg.2a\sin\theta=v\cos\theta\frac{2v\sin\theta}{g}.

Since sin⁡θ>0\sin\theta>0, cancelling 2sin⁡θ2\sin\theta gives

v2=agcos⁡θ=5ag.v^2=\frac{ag}{\cos\theta}=5ag.

Since BB is a/5a/5 above AA, conservation of energy up to BB gives

u2= v2+25ag=275ag,u= 275ag.\begin{align*} u^2=&\,v^2+\frac25ag=\frac{27}{5}ag,\\[4mm] u=&\,\boxed{\sqrt{\frac{27}{5}ag}}. \end{align*}

At BB, the reaction just before reaching the rim is m(5ag−ga/5)/a>0m(5ag-ga/5)/a>0, consistent with reaching the rim in contact.

解法二

思路

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也可直接以 BB 为原点写抛物线轨迹,把 CC 的坐标代入。

答题过程

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Take xx horizontally from BB towards CC, and yy upwards from BB. The trajectory is

y=xtan⁡θ−gx22v2cos⁡2θ.y=x\tan\theta-\frac{gx^2}{2v^2\cos^2\theta}.

At CC, x=2asin⁡θx=2a\sin\theta and y=0y=0. Dividing by the nonzero xx gives

sin⁡θcos⁡θ= gasin⁡θv2cos⁡2θ,v2= agcos⁡θ=5ag.\begin{align*} \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}=&\,\frac{ga\sin\theta}{v^2\cos^2\theta},\\[4mm] v^2=&\,\frac{ag}{\cos\theta}=5ag. \end{align*}

Adding the energy required for the rise a/5a/5 from AA to BB gives u2=5ag+2ag/5=27ag/5u^2=5ag+2ag/5=27ag/5, so u=27ag/5u=\sqrt{27ag/5}.

解法三

思路

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还可利用抛物线的对称性。最高点在 BCBC 的中垂线上,对轨迹求导后在该处令斜率为零。

答题过程

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In coordinates based at BB, the slope of the trajectory is

dydx=tan⁡θ−gxv2cos⁡2θ.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\tan\theta-\frac{gx}{v^2\cos^2\theta}.

As BB and CC are at the same height, the maximum occurs halfway across, at x=asin⁡θx=a\sin\theta. Thus

sin⁡θcos⁡θ= gasin⁡θv2cos⁡2θ,v2= agcos⁡θ=5ag.\begin{align*} \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}=&\,\frac{ga\sin\theta}{v^2\cos^2\theta},\\[4mm] v^2=&\,\frac{ag}{\cos\theta}=5ag. \end{align*}

By conservation of energy between AA and BB, u2=5ag+2ag/5=27ag/5u^2=5ag+2ag/5=27ag/5. Hence u=27ag/5u=\sqrt{27ag/5}.