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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 33 Q2

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass mm is attached to one end of a light elastic string of natural length aa and modulus of elasticity mgmg. The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point OO on a rough plane inclined at an angle of 30∘30^\circ to the horizontal. The particle PP is held at rest at point OO before being released. The frictional force acting on PP as it slides down the plane is 1130mg\frac{11}{30}mg.

(a) Find, in terms of aa, the distance that PP moves down the plane before coming to rest.

(5)

(b) It is given that PP remains at rest in this new position.

Find, in terms of mm and gg, the magnitude of the frictional force in this position.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质量为 mm 的质点 PP 连接在一根原长为 aa、弹性模量为 mgmg 的轻弹性绳的一端。绳的另一端固定在粗糙斜面上的点 OO,斜面与水平面成 30∘30^\circ 角。将质点 PP 保持在点 OO 处静止,随后释放。PP 沿斜面下滑时所受的摩擦力为 1130mg\frac{11}{30}mg。

(a) 用 aa 表示 PP 沿斜面向下运动至静止时经过的距离。

(5)

(b) 已知 PP 在这个新位置保持静止。

用 mm 和 gg 表示此位置的摩擦力大小。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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绳松弛时,重力沿斜面的分量大于滑动摩擦力,质点能走过自然长度。对绷紧后的停止位置,用重力所做的功扣除摩擦所做的功。

答题过程

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The net force down the plane while the string is slack is (12−1130)mg=215mg>0(\frac12-\frac{11}{30})mg=\frac2{15}mg>0, so PP moves beyond distance aa. If it stops after moving distance x>ax>a, the net work by gravity and friction equals the elastic potential energy:

215mgx=mg2a(x−a)2.\frac2{15}mgx=\frac{mg}{2a}(x-a)^2.

Cancelling mgmg and multiplying by 30a30a gives

4ax= 15(x−a)2,15x2−34ax+15a2= 0,(3x−5a)(5x−3a)= 0.\begin{align*} 4ax=&\,15(x-a)^2,\\[4mm] 15x^2-34ax+15a^2=&\,0,\\[4mm] (3x-5a)(5x-3a)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The root 3a/53a/5 is outside the taut interval, so the stopping distance is 5a/35a/3.

(b)

解法一

思路

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停止后要重新用平衡条件求静摩擦力。此处张力比重力沿斜面的分量大,所以静摩擦力向下。

答题过程

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At x=5a/3x=5a/3 the extension is 2a/32a/3, so the tension is 2mg/32mg/3 up the slope. The component of the weight down the slope is mg/2mg/2. The friction needed for equilibrium is therefore (2/3−1/2)mg=mg/6(2/3-1/2)mg=mg/6 down the plane.