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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 33 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A ball of mass m kgm\text{ kg} is projected vertically upwards with initial speed U m s−1U\text{ m s}^{-1} and moves under gravity. At time t st\text{ s} after projection, the ball has travelled a distance x mx\text{ m} and its speed is v m s−1v\text{ m s}^{-1}. There is a resistive force of magnitude mkv2 Nmkv^2\text{ N}, where kk is a positive constant.

(a) Show that the distance travelled by the ball when it is moving upwards is

x=12kln⁡(g+kU2g+kv2).x=\frac{1}{2k}\ln\Bigg(\frac{g+kU^2}{g+kv^2}\Bigg).
(4)

It is given that k=0.025k=0.025 and that U=20U=20.

(b) Find the time taken for the ball to reach its maximum height.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 m kgm\text{ kg} 的球以初速率 U m s−1U\text{ m s}^{-1} 竖直向上抛出,并在重力作用下运动。抛出后 t st\text{ s} 时,球已运动的路程为 x mx\text{ m},速率为 v m s−1v\text{ m s}^{-1}。球还受到大小为 mkv2 Nmkv^2\text{ N} 的阻力,其中 kk 为正常数。

(a) 证明球向上运动时已运动的路程为

x=12kln⁡(g+kU2g+kv2).x=\frac{1}{2k}\ln\Bigg(\frac{g+kU^2}{g+kv^2}\Bigg).
(4)

已知 k=0.025k=0.025 且 U=20U=20。

(b) 求球到达最大高度所需的时间。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

在上升阶段,重力和阻力都向下,且路程的导数就是速率。用 v dv/dxv\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x 表示加速度并分离变量。

答题过程

展开

Taking upwards as positive while the ball rises gives

mvdvdx= −mg−mkv2,vdvdx= −g−kv2.\begin{align*} mv\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}=&\,-mg-mkv^2,\\[4mm] v\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}=&\,-g-kv^2. \end{align*}

Integrating from speed UU at x=0x=0 to speed vv gives

x= −∫Uvsg+ks2 ds= [−12kln⁡(g+ks2)]Uv= ln⁡(g+kU2)−ln⁡(g+kv2)2k= 12kln⁡(g+kU2g+kv2).\begin{align*} x=&\,-\int_U^v\frac{s}{g+ks^2}\,\mathrm{d}s\\[4mm] =&\,\bigg[-\frac1{2k}\ln(g+ks^2)\bigg]_U^v\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{\ln(g+kU^2)-\ln(g+kv^2)}{2k}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{\frac1{2k}\ln\bigg(\frac{g+kU^2}{g+kv^2}\bigg)}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

要求时间时使用 dv/dt\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}t。把 g+kv2g+kv^2 写成常数乘 400+v2400+v^2,然后用反正切积分。

答题过程

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With g=10g=10 and k=1/40k=1/40, the ascent satisfies dv/dt=−(400+v2)/40\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}t=-(400+v^2)/40. The time to the highest point is

t= −40∫2001400+v2 dv= [−2arctan⁡v20]200= −2arctan⁡0+2arctan⁡1= π2 s≈1.57 s.\begin{align*} t=&\,-40\int_{20}^0\frac1{400+v^2}\,\mathrm{d}v\\[4mm] =&\,\bigg[-2\arctan\frac{v}{20}\bigg]_{20}^0\\[4mm] =&\,-2\arctan0+2\arctan1\\[4mm] =&\,\frac\pi2\,\mathrm{s}\approx\boxed{1.57\,\mathrm{s}}. \end{align*}