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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 33 Q4

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

An object consists of a uniform lamina with a particle attached. The uniform lamina ABCEFDABCEFD of mass mm is formed from a rectangle ABCDABCD and an isosceles triangle CEFCEF, where FF is the midpoint of CDCD. The rectangle has sides AB=2aAB=2a and AD=aAD=a. The triangle CEFCEF has base aa and height 2a2a. The particle of mass kmkm is attached to the lamina at EE. The object rests in a vertical plane with its edge ADAD on horizontal ground (see diagram).

Given that the object is on the point of toppling in its vertical plane about the vertex DD, find the value of kk.

(4)
题目中文翻译

一个物体由一块均匀薄片和一个连接在薄片上的质点组成。质量为 mm 的均匀薄片 ABCEFDABCEFD 由矩形 ABCDABCD 和等腰三角形 CEFCEF 组成,其中 FF 是 CDCD 的中点。矩形的边长为 AB=2aAB=2a 和 AD=aAD=a,三角形 CEFCEF 的底为 aa、高为 2a2a。质量为 kmkm 的质点连接在薄片的点 EE 处。该物体静止在一个竖直平面内,边 ADAD 位于水平地面上(见图)。

已知该物体恰好要在其所在的竖直平面内绕顶点 DD 倾倒,求 kk 的值。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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以 DD 为水平坐标原点,先用面积矩求整块薄片的质心。临界倾倒时,薄片与质点的总重力通过 DD。

答题过程

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Take rightwards as positive from DD. The rectangle has area 2a22a^2 and centre of mass at −a/2-a/2. The triangle has area a2a^2 and centre of mass at 2a/32a/3, one third of the way from its base to EE. The lamina’s horizontal centre of mass coordinate is

x‾= 2a2(−a/2)+a2(2a/3)3a2= −a3+2a3/33a2=−a9.\begin{align*} \overline{x}=&\,\frac{2a^2(-a/2)+a^2(2a/3)}{3a^2}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{-a^3+2a^3/3}{3a^2}=-\frac a9. \end{align*}

At limiting equilibrium, the moments of the lamina and attached particle about DD balance:

mga9=kmg(2a).mg\frac a9=kmg(2a).

Hence k=1/18k=1/18.

解法二

思路

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也可直接把矩形、三角形与质点当作三个质量,绕 DD 取矩,一次求出 kk。

答题过程

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The masses of the rectangle and triangle are 2m/32m/3 and m/3m/3, since their areas are in the ratio 2:12:1. The attached particle has mass kmkm. Balancing clockwise and anticlockwise moments about DD gives

2m3ga2=m3g2a3+kmg(2a).\frac{2m}{3}g\frac a2=\frac m3g\frac{2a}{3}+kmg(2a).

Cancelling mgamga and rearranging gives 2k=1/3−2/9=1/92k=1/3-2/9=1/9, so k=1/18k=1/18.