题目
An object consists of a uniform lamina with a particle attached. The uniform lamina of mass is formed from a rectangle and an isosceles triangle , where is the midpoint of . The rectangle has sides and . The triangle has base and height . The particle of mass is attached to the lamina at . The object rests in a vertical plane with its edge on horizontal ground (see diagram).
Given that the object is on the point of toppling in its vertical plane about the vertex , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一个物体由一块均匀薄片和一个连接在薄片上的质点组成。质量为 的均匀薄片 由矩形 和等腰三角形 组成,其中 是 的中点。矩形的边长为 和 ,三角形 的底为 、高为 。质量为 的质点连接在薄片的点 处。该物体静止在一个竖直平面内,边 位于水平地面上(见图)。
已知该物体恰好要在其所在的竖直平面内绕顶点 倾倒,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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以 为水平坐标原点,先用面积矩求整块薄片的质心。临界倾倒时,薄片与质点的总重力通过 。
答题过程
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Take rightwards as positive from . The rectangle has area and centre of mass at . The triangle has area and centre of mass at , one third of the way from its base to . The lamina’s horizontal centre of mass coordinate is
At limiting equilibrium, the moments of the lamina and attached particle about balance:
Hence .
解法二
思路
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也可直接把矩形、三角形与质点当作三个质量,绕 取矩,一次求出 。
答题过程
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The masses of the rectangle and triangle are and , since their areas are in the ratio . The attached particle has mass . Balancing clockwise and anticlockwise moments about gives
Cancelling and rearranging gives , so .