题目
A hollow cylinder of radius is fixed with its axis horizontal. Points , and are in the same vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, with and on the smooth inner surface and on the axis. and make angles and respectively with the upward vertical through , with and on opposite sides of the vertical. A particle of mass is projected vertically downwards from point with speed and moves in a vertical circle inside the cylinder (see diagram). The particle loses contact with the cylinder at point .
(a) Find the value of .
(b) In the subsequent motion find, in terms of , the greatest height above reached by the particle.
题目中文翻译
一个半径为 的空心圆柱固定放置,轴线水平。点 、 和 位于同一个垂直于圆柱轴线的竖直平面内,其中 和 在光滑内表面上, 在轴线上。 和 与过 的竖直向上方向分别成 和 角,且 和 位于该竖直线的两侧。一个质量为 的质点从 以速率 竖直向下发射,在圆柱内部做竖直圆周运动(见图)。质点在点 处与圆柱脱离接触。
(a) 求 的值。
(b) 用 表示质点在随后运动中到达的高于 的最大高度。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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在脱离点,支持力为零。用径向方程表示 点速率,再用能量守恒联系 、。
答题过程
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Let be the speed at . Since the normal reaction vanishes there,
The rise from is . Conservation of energy gives
Combining with yields , so .
(b)
解法一
思路
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质点从 沿切线向上飞出,发射方向与水平线成 。先求脱离后的额外上升高度,再加 相对于 的高度。
答题过程
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The speed at detachment satisfies . The upward component is . With the origin at , let be the position during flight measured from detachment in time. Since the initial velocity is tangent and ,
It is negative for , so the particle is still clear of the cylinder at the highest point, reached at . Since , and the vertical velocity is zero at the highest point, the additional rise is
Adding the height at detachment gives the greatest height in this free flight, .