题目
Two identical uniform smooth spheres and , each with mass , are moving on a horizontal surface with speeds and respectively when they collide. Immediately before the collision, the spheres are moving parallel to each other in opposite directions such that their directions of motion each make an angle with the line of centres (see diagram). As a result of the collision, moves in a direction which is perpendicular to its initial direction of motion. The coefficient of restitution between the spheres is .
(a) Find an expression for in terms of .
As a result of the collision, moves in a direction which is perpendicular to the line of centres.
(b) Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
两个相同的均匀光滑球 和 的质量均为 ,在水平面上分别以速率 和 运动并发生碰撞。碰撞前瞬间,两球的运动方向平行且相反,各自的运动方向均与两球的连心线成 角(见图)。碰撞后, 沿垂直于其初始运动方向的方向运动。两球之间的恢复系数为 。
(a) 用 表示 。
碰撞后, 沿垂直于两球连心线的方向运动。
(b) 求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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沿球心连线联立动量守恒和恢复定律,先求 的碰后平行分量。再用垂直于球心连线的分量不变,以及 碰前、碰后速度垂直的条件。
答题过程
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Take the direction from to along the line of centres as positive. Let and be the signed components after collision along this line for and . Then
Adding the last two equations gives , so . Choose the perpendicular direction so that the component of in that direction is , unchanged by the collision. Its initial and final velocity vectors have zero dot product, hence
Substituting for gives
Since and is acute, . Dividing gives , and taking the positive root yields
(b)
解法一
思路
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碰后沿球心连线的分量为零。用恢复定律和动量方程求 ,再代入上一问。
答题过程
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Putting gives from momentum and from restitution. Therefore and . Thus .
解法二
思路
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也可绕开 ,把 的平行分量为零代入动量方程,再用 的垂直条件。
答题过程
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With , the momentum equation gives . Substituting this into the zero dot product for gives
Thus . The acute solution is .