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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 34 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 34 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle PP is projected with speed uu at an angle α\alpha above the horizontal from a point OO on a horizontal plane and moves freely under gravity. The horizontal and vertical displacements of PP from OO at any subsequent time tt are denoted by xx and yy respectively.

(a) Derive the equation of the trajectory of PP in the form

y=xtan⁡α−gx22u2sec⁡2α.y=x\tan\alpha-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2}\sec^2\alpha.
(4)

It is given that u=202 m s−1u=20\sqrt2\text{ m s}^{-1} and that the particle PP passes through the point where x=64 mx=64\text{ m} and y=8 my=8\text{ m}.

(b) Find the possible values of tan⁡α\tan\alpha.

(3)
题目中文翻译

质点 PP 从水平面上的点 OO 以速率 uu、与水平方向成 α\alpha 角、斜向上的方向抛出,随后仅在重力作用下自由运动。在随后的任意时刻 tt,PP 相对于 OO 的水平位移和竖直位移分别记为 xx 和 yy。

(a) 推导 PP 的轨迹方程,并写成以下形式:

y=xtan⁡α−gx22u2sec⁡2α.y=x\tan\alpha-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2}\sec^2\alpha.
(4)

已知 u=202 m s−1u=20\sqrt2\text{ m s}^{-1},且质点 PP 经过 x=64 mx=64\text{ m}、y=8 my=8\text{ m} 的点。

(b) 求 tan⁡α\tan\alpha 的可能值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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分别写出水平和竖直位移的时间表达式。由水平式求 tt,再代入竖直式。

答题过程

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The horizontal velocity stays equal to ucos⁡αu\cos\alpha, and the vertical acceleration is −g-g. Hence

x= utcos⁡α,y= utsin⁡α−12gt2.\begin{align*} x=&\,ut\cos\alpha,\\[4mm] y=&\,ut\sin\alpha-\frac12gt^2. \end{align*}

Using t=x/(ucos⁡α)t=x/(u\cos\alpha) in the vertical equation gives

y= usin⁡αxucos⁡α−12g(xucos⁡α)2= xsin⁡αcos⁡α−gx22u2cos⁡2α= xtan⁡α−gx22u2sec⁡2α.\begin{align*} y=&\,u\sin\alpha\frac{x}{u\cos\alpha}-\frac12g\bigg(\frac{x}{u\cos\alpha}\bigg)^2\\[4mm] =&\,x\frac{\sin\alpha}{\cos\alpha}-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2\cos^2\alpha}\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{x\tan\alpha-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2}\sec^2\alpha}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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将已知坐标与初速率代入轨迹方程,用 sec⁡2α=1+tan⁡2α\sec^2\alpha=1+\tan^2\alpha 把它化为二次方程。

答题过程

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Write z=tan⁡αz=\tan\alpha. With g=10g=10, u2=800u^2=800 and (x,y)=(64,8)(x,y)=(64,8), the trajectory equation gives

8=64z−1285(1+z2).8=64z-\frac{128}{5}(1+z^2).

Multiplying by 55 gives 40=320z−128−128z240=320z-128-128z^2. Rearranging and dividing by 88 yields

16z2−40z+21=(4z−3)(4z−7)=0.16z^2-40z+21=(4z-3)(4z-7)=0.

Thus tan⁡α=3/4\tan\alpha=3/4 or 7/47/4.