题目
A hollow cone with a smooth inner surface is fixed with its vertex downwards. The semi-vertical angle of the cone is , where . A light inextensible string has a particle of mass attached to one end and a particle of mass attached to the other end. The string passes through a small hole in the cone at . Particle hangs in equilibrium below . Particle is on the inner surface of the cone at a height above the level of and moves in horizontal circles with constant angular speed (see diagram).
Find in terms of and .
题目中文翻译
一个内表面光滑的空心圆锥固定放置,顶点 朝下。圆锥的半顶角为 ,其中 。一根轻且不可伸长的绳的一端连接质量为 的质点 ,另一端连接质量为 的质点 。绳穿过圆锥顶点 处的一个小孔。质点 悬挂在 下方并处于平衡状态。质点 位于圆锥内表面上,高于 的高度为 ,以恒定角速度 做水平圆周运动(见图)。
用 和 表示 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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先用悬挂质点的平衡确定张力。对做圆周运动的质点,支持力斜向上且指向轴,张力斜向下且指向轴。
答题过程
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Since is in equilibrium, the tension is . The cone angle satisfies and , and the radius of the circle is . The normal reaction on has upward component and inward horizontal component . Vertical equilibrium gives
The inward radial equation is
The left side is , so , giving . Hence .