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CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 34 Q5

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2025 June Paper 34 Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

ABCDABCD is a uniform square lamina of side 6a6a. Points EE and FF are on DCDC and ABAB respectively and are such that DE=FB=hDE=FB=h. The quadrilateral BCEFBCEF is removed from the square lamina (see diagram).

(a) Show that the distance of the centre of mass of the resulting lamina AFEDAFED from ADAD is

h2−6ah+36a218a\frac{h^2-6ah+36a^2}{18a}

and find a corresponding expression for the distance of the centre of mass from ABAB.

(5)

When the lamina AFEDAFED is suspended from the point DD, the edge DADA makes an angle θ\theta with the downward vertical, where tan⁡θ=715\tan\theta=\frac7{15}.

(b) Find, in terms of aa, the two possible values of hh.

(3)
题目中文翻译

ABCDABCD 是一块边长为 6a6a 的均匀正方形薄片。点 EE 和 FF 分别在 DCDC 和 ABAB 上,且 DE=FB=hDE=FB=h。从正方形薄片中移去四边形 BCEFBCEF(见图)。

(a) 证明剩余薄片 AFEDAFED 的质心到 ADAD 的距离为

h2−6ah+36a218a\frac{h^2-6ah+36a^2}{18a}

并求质心到 ABAB 的距离的相应表达式。

(5)

当薄片 AFEDAFED 从点 DD 悬挂时,边 DADA 与竖直向下方向成 θ\theta 角,其中 tan⁡θ=715\tan\theta=\frac7{15}。

(b) 用 aa 表示 hh 的两个可能值。

(3)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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取 AA 为原点,把剩下的梯形分成左侧矩形和右侧三角形。以面积代替质量,分别对 ADAD、ABAB 取矩。

答题过程

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Take A=(0,0)A=(0,0), with coordinates to the right and upwards. Then E=(h,6a)E=(h,6a) and F=(6a−h,0)F=(6a-h,0). Let G=(h,0)G=(h,0). The rectangle AGEDAGED has area 6ah6ah and centroid (h/2,3a)(h/2,3a). The triangle GFEGFE has area 18a2−6ah18a^2-6ah and centroid ((h+6a)/3,2a)((h+6a)/3,2a), using the average of the three vertices. Thus

18a2x‾= 6ahh2+(18a2−6ah)(2a+h3)= 3ah2+36a3−6a2h−2ah2= ah2−6a2h+36a3,18a2y‾= 6ah(3a)+(18a2−6ah)(2a)= 18a2h+36a3−12a2h= 36a3+6a2h.\begin{align*} 18a^2\overline{x}=&\,6ah\frac h2+(18a^2-6ah)\bigg(2a+\frac h3\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,3ah^2+36a^3-6a^2h-2ah^2\\[4mm] =&\,ah^2-6a^2h+36a^3,\\[4mm] 18a^2\overline{y}=&\,6ah(3a)+(18a^2-6ah)(2a)\\[4mm] =&\,18a^2h+36a^3-12a^2h\\[4mm] =&\,36a^3+6a^2h. \end{align*}

The required distances are x‾=(h2−6ah+36a2)/(18a)\overline{x}=(h^2-6ah+36a^2)/(18a) and y‾=2a+h/3\overline{y}=2a+h/3.

解法二

思路

展开

也可沿对角线 AEAE 把薄片分成两个三角形。由底边与高求面积,由三个顶点的坐标求质心。

答题过程

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Triangle AEDAED has area 3ah3ah and centroid (h/3,4a)(h/3,4a). Triangle AEFAEF has area 18a2−3ah18a^2-3ah and centroid (2a,2a)(2a,2a). With total area 18a218a^2, the moments give

18a2x‾= 3ahh3+(18a2−3ah)(2a)= ah2+36a3−6a2h,18a2y‾= 3ah(4a)+(18a2−3ah)(2a)= 12a2h+36a3−6a2h= 36a3+6a2h.\begin{align*} 18a^2\overline{x}=&\,3ah\frac h3+(18a^2-3ah)(2a)\\[4mm] =&\,ah^2+36a^3-6a^2h,\\[4mm] 18a^2\overline{y}=&\,3ah(4a)+(18a^2-3ah)(2a)\\[4mm] =&\,12a^2h+36a^3-6a^2h\\[4mm] =&\,36a^3+6a^2h. \end{align*}

Therefore x‾=(h2−6ah+36a2)/(18a)\overline{x}=(h^2-6ah+36a^2)/(18a) and y‾=2a+h/3\overline{y}=2a+h/3.

解法三

思路

展开

还可先补成一个矩形,再减去右上角的三角形。被减去部分的面积矩取负。

答题过程

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Let H=(6a−h,6a)H=(6a-h,6a). The rectangle AFHDAFHD has area 36a2−6ah36a^2-6ah and centroid (3a−h/2,3a)(3a-h/2,3a). Triangle EFHEFH has area 18a2−6ah18a^2-6ah and centroid (4a−h/3,4a)(4a-h/3,4a). Subtracting the triangle’s moments gives

18a2x‾= (36a2−6ah)(3a−h2) −(18a2−6ah)(4a−h3)= 108a3−36a2h+3ah2 −(72a3−30a2h+2ah2)= ah2−6a2h+36a3,18a2y‾= (36a2−6ah)(3a)−(18a2−6ah)(4a)= 108a3−18a2h−72a3+24a2h= 36a3+6a2h.\begin{align*} 18a^2\overline{x}=&\,(36a^2-6ah)\bigg(3a-\frac h2\bigg)\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-(18a^2-6ah)\bigg(4a-\frac h3\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,108a^3-36a^2h+3ah^2\\[4mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}-(72a^3-30a^2h+2ah^2)\\[4mm] =&\,ah^2-6a^2h+36a^3,\\[4mm] 18a^2\overline{y}=&\,(36a^2-6ah)(3a)-(18a^2-6ah)(4a)\\[4mm] =&\,108a^3-18a^2h-72a^3+24a^2h\\[4mm] =&\,36a^3+6a^2h. \end{align*}

Dividing by 18a218a^2 gives x‾=(h2−6ah+36a2)/(18a)\overline{x}=(h^2-6ah+36a^2)/(18a) and y‾=2a+h/3\overline{y}=2a+h/3.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

悬挂平衡时,质心恰在 DD 的正下方。用原来的薄片坐标表示 DD 到质心的位移,再根据转角列正切式。

答题过程

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The displacement from D=(0,6a)D=(0,6a) to the centre of mass has horizontal component x‾\overline{x} and downward component 6a−y‾6a-\overline{y}. The line joining these points becomes vertical, so

x‾6a−y‾= h2−6ah+36a218a(4a−h/3)= 715.\begin{align*} \frac{\overline{x}}{6a-\overline{y}}=&\,\frac{h^2-6ah+36a^2}{18a(4a-h/3)}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac7{15}. \end{align*}

Since 6a−y‾>06a-\overline{y}>0, cross-multiplying gives 15(h2−6ah+36a2)=7(72a2−6ah)15(h^2-6ah+36a^2)=7(72a^2-6ah). Expanding and collecting gives 15h2−48ah+36a2=015h^2-48ah+36a^2=0. Dividing by 33 yields

5h2−16ah+12a2=(h−2a)(5h−6a)=0.5h^2-16ah+12a^2=(h-2a)(5h-6a)=0.

Both solutions lie in 0<h<3a0<h<3a, as required by the diagram, so h=2ah=2a or 6a/56a/5.