题目
Two uniform smooth spheres and of equal radii have masses and respectively. Sphere is moving with speed on a horizontal surface when it collides with sphere which is at rest. Immediately before the collision, ‘s direction of motion makes an angle with the line of centres (see diagram). The coefficient of restitution between the spheres is .
(a) Show that the speed of after the collision is .
After the collision the kinetic energy of is equal to the kinetic energy of .
(b) Given that , find the value of .
题目中文翻译
两个半径相等的均匀光滑球 和 的质量分别为 和 。球 在水平面上以速率 运动,与静止的球 发生碰撞。碰撞前瞬间, 的运动方向与两球连心线成 角(见图)。两球之间的恢复系数为 。
(a) 证明碰撞后 的速率为 。
碰撞后, 的动能等于 的动能。
(b) 已知 ,求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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沿球心连线列动量守恒和恢复定律。 原来静止,碰后速度完全沿球心连线。
答题过程
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Let and be the signed components along the line from to after impact. Conservation of momentum and restitution give
Substituting into the momentum equation gives . The perpendicular component of remains zero, so its speed is .
(b)
解法一
思路
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碰后的速率要用两个速度分量合成。把两球动能相等写成关于 的方程,再选取物理可行的根。
答题过程
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The parallel component of is from the collision equations. Its perpendicular component stays equal in magnitude to . Equating kinetic energies gives . Cancelling and substituting gives
Dividing by and using yields
Expanding gives , so
The roots are and . Since , reject the negative root and obtain .