题目
A particle of mass is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length . The other end of the string is attached to a fixed point . The particle moves in complete vertical circles with centre , with the string taut. When the string makes an angle with the downward vertical through the speed of is . The ratio of the greatest and least tensions in the string during the motion is .
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 连接在一根长为 的轻且不可伸长的绳的一端,绳的另一端固定在点 。质点绕 做完整的竖直圆周运动,绳始终拉紧。当绳与过 的竖直向下方向成 角时, 的速率为 。运动过程中,绳的最大张力与最小张力之比为 。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
展开
先由能量守恒把圆周各点的速率写成高度的函数。代入径向方程后,张力随高度单调变化,最大、最小值就在最低点和最高点。
答题过程
展开
Write . The point with speed is at height above the lowest point. At an angle to the downward vertical, conservation of energy gives
Cancelling and rearranging gives
Resolving towards the centre gives , so
Thus at the bottom and at the top. Their ratio gives
The resulting minimum tension is , consistent with a taut string throughout.