题目
A particle of mass is attached to a fixed point by a light inextensible string of length . The particle initially hangs directly below at the point . The particle is then projected horizontally with speed , and begins to move in a vertical circle.
(a) Find an expression for the tension in the string when it has turned through an angle . Give your answer in terms of , and .
(b) Find, in terms of , the maximum height above the horizontal through that is reached by the particle.
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点通过一根长为 、不可伸长的轻绳连接于固定点 。质点最初悬挂在 正下方的点 处。随后,质点以速率 沿水平方向被抛出,并开始在竖直圆周上运动。
(a) 求绳转过 角时绳中张力的表达式,答案用 、 和 表示。
(b) 求质点所能达到的、相对于经过 的水平面的最大高度,用 表示。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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角度从最低点的竖直向下方向量起。先用升高量 求速度,再沿绳向圆心列方程。
答题过程
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At angle the particle has risen by . Conservation of energy gives
While the string is taut, the inward radial equation is . Hence
(b)
解法一
思路
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上升途中张力先降为零,之后粒子作抛体运动。先求绳松弛时的高度和竖直速度,再加上抛体阶段的上升量。
答题过程
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The string becomes slack when , so . At that point the height above is , and . The upward velocity component is , whose square is
In free flight the vertical speed becomes zero at maximum height. If is the further rise, , giving . Thus the maximum height is