The points O and A lie on a horizontal plane 10m apart. The point A lies at the foot of another plane which is inclined at an angle of α above the horizontal such that tanα=34. The point B is on the inclined plane at a distance of 5m from A measured along a line of greatest slope. The points O, A and B are in the same vertical plane and angle OAB is obtuse.
A particle is projected from O at an angle θ to the horizontal with initial speed ums−1 towards the inclined plane. The particle moves freely under gravity. The particle strikes the inclined plane at the point B when its direction of motion is perpendicular to the inclined plane.
Find, in either order, the value of u and the value of θ.
(6)
题目中文翻译
点 O 和 A 位于同一个水平面上,相距 10m。点 A 位于另一个平面的底部,该平面向上倾斜,与水平面成 α 角,且 tanα=34。点 B 位于斜面上,沿最大坡度线量得 B 到 A 的距离为 5m。点 O、A 和 B 位于同一个竖直平面内,且角 OAB 为钝角。
一个质点从 O 以初速率 ums−1、与水平方向成 θ 角朝斜面抛出。质点只在重力作用下自由运动。当质点的运动方向垂直于斜面时,质点在点 B 处撞上斜面。
求 u 和 θ 的值,求解次序不限。
(6)
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (g) is needed, use 10ms−2.
需要使用重力加速度 g 的数值时,取 10ms−2。
解答
解法一
思路
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以 O 为原点,先由斜面三角比求 B 的坐标。碰撞时速度与斜面垂直,斜率为 −3/4。用速度条件与两个位移方程消去初速度分量,先求飞行时间。
答题过程
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The slope has cosα=3/5 and sinα=4/5. Since ∠OAB is obtuse, B is horizontally beyond A and has coordinates (10+5(3/5),5(4/5))=(13,4) relative to O.
Let H=ucosθ and W=usinθ. At impact time t, the displacement equations and the perpendicular velocity condition are
Ht=Wt−21gt2=W−gt=13,4,−43H.
Multiplying the last equation by t gives Wt−gt2=−39/4. Subtracting this from the height equation yields 21gt2=4+39/4=55/4. With g=10, t=11/2. Consequently
The coordinates are B=(13,4) and the impact velocity components are H and −3H/4. If W is the initial upward component, vertical kinematics gives
W2−(43H)2=8g.
The time of flight is (W+3H/4)/g. The horizontal displacement is 13, so H(W+3H/4)=13g. Factoring the difference of squares and dividing by W+3H/4>0 gives W−3H/4=8H/13. Therefore W/H=3/4+8/13=71/52, and 13g=H2(71/52+3/4)=55H2/26. With g=10, this gives H2=676/11. Hence θ=arctan(71/52)≈53.8∘ and u=H2+W2≈13.3ms−1.