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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 31 Q7

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 31 Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

The points OO and AA lie on a horizontal plane 10 m10\,\mathrm{m} apart. The point AA lies at the foot of another plane which is inclined at an angle of α\alpha above the horizontal such that tan⁡α=43\tan\alpha=\frac43. The point BB is on the inclined plane at a distance of 5 m5\,\mathrm{m} from AA measured along a line of greatest slope. The points OO, AA and BB are in the same vertical plane and angle OABOAB is obtuse.

A particle is projected from OO at an angle θ\theta to the horizontal with initial speed u m s−1u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} towards the inclined plane. The particle moves freely under gravity. The particle strikes the inclined plane at the point BB when its direction of motion is perpendicular to the inclined plane.

Find, in either order, the value of uu and the value of θ\theta.

(6)
题目中文翻译

点 OO 和 AA 位于同一个水平面上,相距 10 m10\,\mathrm{m}。点 AA 位于另一个平面的底部,该平面向上倾斜,与水平面成 α\alpha 角,且 tan⁡α=43\tan\alpha=\frac43。点 BB 位于斜面上,沿最大坡度线量得 BB 到 AA 的距离为 5 m5\,\mathrm{m}。点 OO、AA 和 BB 位于同一个竖直平面内,且角 OABOAB 为钝角。

一个质点从 OO 以初速率 u m s−1u\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}、与水平方向成 θ\theta 角朝斜面抛出。质点只在重力作用下自由运动。当质点的运动方向垂直于斜面时,质点在点 BB 处撞上斜面。

求 uu 和 θ\theta 的值,求解次序不限。

(6)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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以 OO 为原点,先由斜面三角比求 BB 的坐标。碰撞时速度与斜面垂直,斜率为 −3/4-3/4。用速度条件与两个位移方程消去初速度分量,先求飞行时间。

答题过程

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The slope has cos⁡α=3/5\cos\alpha=3/5 and sin⁡α=4/5\sin\alpha=4/5. Since ∠OAB\angle OAB is obtuse, BB is horizontally beyond AA and has coordinates (10+5(3/5), 5(4/5))=(13,4)(10+5(3/5),\,5(4/5))=(13,4) relative to OO.

Let H=ucos⁡θH=u\cos\theta and W=usin⁡θW=u\sin\theta. At impact time tt, the displacement equations and the perpendicular velocity condition are

Ht= 13,Wt−12gt2= 4,W−gt= −34H.\begin{align*} Ht=&\,13,\\[4mm] Wt-\frac12gt^2=&\,4,\\[4mm] W-gt=&\,-\frac34H. \end{align*}

Multiplying the last equation by tt gives Wt−gt2=−39/4Wt-gt^2=-39/4. Subtracting this from the height equation yields 12gt2=4+39/4=55/4\frac12gt^2=4+39/4=55/4. With g=10g=10, t=11/2t=\sqrt{11}/2. Consequently

H= 1311/2=2611,W= gt−34H= 511−39211= 71211.\begin{align*} H=&\,\frac{13}{\sqrt{11}/2}=\frac{26}{\sqrt{11}},\\[4mm] W=&\,gt-\frac34H\\[4mm] =&\,5\sqrt{11}-\frac{39}{2\sqrt{11}}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{71}{2\sqrt{11}}. \end{align*}

Thus

u2= H2+W2=26211+71244=774544,u= 774544≈13.3 m s−1,θ= arctan⁡WH=arctan⁡7152≈53.8∘.\begin{align*} u^2=&\,H^2+W^2=\frac{26^2}{11}+\frac{71^2}{44}=\frac{7745}{44},\\[4mm] u=&\,\boxed{\sqrt{\frac{7745}{44}}\approx13.3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}},\\[4mm] \theta=&\,\arctan\frac WH=\arctan\frac{71}{52}\approx\boxed{53.8^\circ}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可直接用轨迹方程。轨迹在 BB 处的高度为 44,斜率为 −3/4-3/4,这两个条件可消去二次项系数。

答题过程

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At B=(13,4)B=(13,4), the trajectory y=px−12cx2y=px-\frac12cx^2 has height 44 and gradient −3/4-3/4, where p=tan⁡θp=\tan\theta and c=g/(u2cos⁡2θ)c=g/(u^2\cos^2\theta). Thus

13p−1692c= 4,p−13c= −34.\begin{align*} 13p-\frac{169}{2}c=&\,4,\\[4mm] p-13c=&\,-\frac34. \end{align*}

Eliminating cc gives 4=132(p−34)4=\frac{13}{2}(p-\frac34), so p=71/52p=71/52 and θ≈53.8∘\theta\approx53.8^\circ. Then

c= p+3/413=55338,u2= gc(1+p2)= 10×33855(1+712522)= 774544.\begin{align*} c=&\,\frac{p+3/4}{13}=\frac{55}{338},\\[4mm] u^2=&\,\frac gc(1+p^2)\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{10\times338}{55}\bigg(1+\frac{71^2}{52^2}\bigg)\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{7745}{44}. \end{align*}

Hence u≈13.3 m s−1u\approx13.3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.

解法三

思路

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也可用竖直速度的平方与高度关系,避免先求飞行时间。再把这个平方差与水平位移条件结合。

答题过程

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The coordinates are B=(13,4)B=(13,4) and the impact velocity components are HH and −3H/4-3H/4. If WW is the initial upward component, vertical kinematics gives

W2−(3H4)2=8g.W^2-\bigg(\frac{3H}{4}\bigg)^2=8g.

The time of flight is (W+3H/4)/g(W+3H/4)/g. The horizontal displacement is 1313, so H(W+3H/4)=13gH(W+3H/4)=13g. Factoring the difference of squares and dividing by W+3H/4>0W+3H/4>0 gives W−3H/4=8H/13W-3H/4=8H/13. Therefore W/H=3/4+8/13=71/52W/H=3/4+8/13=71/52, and 13g=H2(71/52+3/4)=55H2/2613g=H^2(71/52+3/4)=55H^2/26. With g=10g=10, this gives H2=676/11H^2=676/11. Hence θ=arctan⁡(71/52)≈53.8∘\theta=\arctan(71/52)\approx53.8^\circ and u=H2+W2≈13.3 m s−1u=\sqrt{H^2+W^2}\approx13.3\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}.