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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 32 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle PP of mass 6.4 kg6.4\,\mathrm{kg} moves along a straight horizontal line. At time t st\,\mathrm{s}, the speed of PP is v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} and the distance of PP from its starting position is x mx\,\mathrm{m}. The forces acting on PP are a constant driving force of magnitude 8 N8\,\mathrm{N} and a resistive force of magnitude 0.5v2 N0.5v^2\,\mathrm{N}. Initially, PP is at rest.

(a) Find the speed of PP when it has travelled 0.8 m0.8\,\mathrm{m}.

(5)

(b) Find an expression for tt in terms of vv.

(4)
题目中文翻译

质量为 6.4 kg6.4\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 PP 沿一条水平直线运动。在时刻 t st\,\mathrm{s},PP 的速率为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}},且 PP 到出发位置的距离为 x mx\,\mathrm{m}。作用在 PP 上的力为大小为 8 N8\,\mathrm{N} 的恒定驱动力,以及大小为 0.5v2 N0.5v^2\,\mathrm{N} 的阻力。初始时,PP 静止。

(a) 求 PP 运动 0.8 m0.8\,\mathrm{m} 时的速率。

(5)

(b) 求 tt 的表达式,用 vv 表示。

(4)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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用牛顿第二定律列出合力,再将加速度写成 v dv/dxv\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x。分离变量后,从静止的起点积分。

答题过程

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The equation of motion is 6.4v dv/dx=8−12v26.4v\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x=8-\frac12v^2. Thus

x= 12.8∫0vw16−w2 dw= −6.4[ln⁡(16−w2)]0v= −6.4[ln⁡(16−v2)−ln⁡16]= −6.4ln⁡(16−v216).\begin{align*} x=&\,12.8\int_0^v\frac{w}{16-w^2}\,\mathrm{d}w\\[4mm] =&\,-6.4\big[\ln(16-w^2)\big]_0^v\\[4mm] =&\,-6.4\big[\ln(16-v^2)-\ln16\big]\\[4mm] =&\,-6.4\ln\bigg(\frac{16-v^2}{16}\bigg). \end{align*}

Since the speed increases from rest toward the limiting value 44, 0≤v<40\le v<4 and the logarithm arguments are positive. Exponentiating gives (16−v2)/16=e−x/6.4(16-v^2)/16=e^{-x/6.4}. The non-negative speed is therefore v=41−e−x/6.4v=4\sqrt{1-e^{-x/6.4}}. At x=0.8x=0.8 this is

v=41−e−1/8≈1.37 m s−1.v=4\sqrt{1-e^{-1/8}}\approx\boxed{1.37\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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这次将加速度写成 dv/dt\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}t。积分中的分母是平方差,可用反双曲正切或部分分式。

答题过程

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From 6.4 dv/dt=8−12v26.4\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}t=8-\frac12v^2 and v(0)=0v(0)=0,

t=12.8∫0v116−w2 dw.t=12.8\int_0^v\frac{1}{16-w^2}\,\mathrm{d}w.

Using partial fractions,

116−w2=18(14+w+14−w).\frac{1}{16-w^2}=\frac18\bigg(\frac{1}{4+w}+\frac{1}{4-w}\bigg).

Thus

t= 1.6[ln⁡(4+w)−ln⁡(4−w)]0v= 1.6[ln⁡(4+v)−ln⁡(4−v)]= 1.6ln⁡(4+v4−v).\begin{align*} t=&\,1.6\big[\ln(4+w)-\ln(4-w)\big]_0^v\\[4mm] =&\,1.6\big[\ln(4+v)-\ln(4-v)\big]\\[4mm] =&\,\boxed{1.6\ln\bigg(\frac{4+v}{4-v}\bigg)}. \end{align*}

Equivalently, t=3.2artanh⁡(v/4)t=3.2\operatorname{artanh}(v/4). This applies for 0≤v<40\le v<4, with 4 m s−14\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} the limiting speed.