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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 32 Q6

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 32 Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A light elastic string has natural length 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m} and modulus of elasticity 15 N15\,\mathrm{N}. One end of the string is attached to the fixed point OO, and the other end is attached to a particle PP of mass 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg}. The particle PP is held at OO and then released from rest so that it begins to fall vertically. In its subsequent motion, PP moves with velocity v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}} when the extension of the string is x mx\,\mathrm{m}. The maximum extension of the string during this motion is E mE\,\mathrm{m}.

(a) Show that, for 0<x<E0<x<E,

v2=−4(x2−5x−12.5).v^2=-4(x^2-5x-12.5).
(3)

(b) Find the value of EE.

(1)

(c) Find the maximum speed of PP.

(2)
题目中文翻译

一根轻弹性绳的自然长度为 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm{m},弹性模量为 15 N15\,\mathrm{N}。绳的一端连接于固定点 OO,另一端连接于质量为 1.5 kg1.5\,\mathrm{kg} 的质点 PP。将质点 PP 保持在 OO 处,然后从静止释放,使其开始竖直下落。在随后的运动中,当绳的伸长量为 x mx\,\mathrm{m} 时,PP 的速度为 v m s−1v\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}。在这一运动过程中,绳的最大伸长量为 E mE\,\mathrm{m}。

(a) 证明,当 0<x<E0<x<E 时,

v2=−4(x2−5x−12.5).v^2=-4(x^2-5x-12.5).
(3)

(b) 求 EE 的值。

(1)

(c) 求 PP 的最大速率。

(2)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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从 OO 到伸长为 xx 的位置,共下落 2.5+x2.5+x。绳在前 2.52.5 米内松弛,只有伸长部分产生弹性势能。

答题过程

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Conservation of energy from release, using g=10g=10, gives

1.5(10)(2.5+x)=12(1.5)v2+15x22(2.5).1.5(10)(2.5+x)=\frac12(1.5)v^2+\frac{15x^2}{2(2.5)}.

Thus 37.5+15x=0.75v2+3x237.5+15x=0.75v^2+3x^2, which rearranges to v2=−4(x2−5x−12.5)v^2=-4(x^2-5x-12.5).

解法二

思路

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也可先求刚拉直绳时的速度。绳拉直后,合力为重力减张力,将加速度写成 v dv/dxv\,\mathrm{d}v/\mathrm{d}x 后积分。

答题过程

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Free fall through 2.5 m2.5\,\mathrm m gives v2=2(10)(2.5)=50v^2=2(10)(2.5)=50 at x=0x=0. When the string is stretched, Newton’s second law gives

1.5vdvdx= 15−15x2.5,vdvdx= 10−4x.\begin{align*} 1.5v\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}=&\,15-\frac{15x}{2.5},\\[4mm] v\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}x}=&\,10-4x. \end{align*}

Integrating gives

∫v dv= ∫(10−4x) dx,12v2= 10x−2x2+C.\begin{align*} \int v\,\mathrm{d}v=&\,\int(10-4x)\,\mathrm{d}x,\\[4mm] \frac12v^2=&\,10x-2x^2+C. \end{align*}

At x=0x=0, v2=50v^2=50, so C=25C=25. Therefore v2=50+20x−4x2=−4(x2−5x−12.5)v^2=50+20x-4x^2=-4(x^2-5x-12.5).

(b)

解法一

思路

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最大伸长处瞬时静止。令 v=0v=0,解二次方程并保留正根。

答题过程

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At maximum extension, E2−5E−12.5=0E^2-5E-12.5=0. The roots are E=(5±25+50)/2=52(1±3)E=(5\pm\sqrt{25+50})/2=\frac52(1\pm\sqrt3). Reject 52(1−3)<0\frac52(1-\sqrt3)<0 because an extension must be positive. Thus

E=52(1+3)≈6.83 m.\boxed{E=\frac52(1+\sqrt3)\approx6.83\,\mathrm m}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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对速度平方配方,确定抛物线顶点。再和绳刚拉直时的速度比较。

答题过程

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While the string is stretched, v2=75−4(x−2.5)2v^2=75-4(x-2.5)^2. Its maximum is 7575 at x=2.5x=2.5, which lies in (0,E)(0,E). During free fall before stretching, the speed squared reaches only 5050. Thus the maximum speed is 53≈8.66 m s−1\boxed{5\sqrt3\approx8.66\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}}.