题目
A particle of mass is moving in a horizontal circle with constant angular speed on the smooth inner surface of a hemispherical shell of radius . The plane of the circular motion is at a height above the lowest point on the shell. The angle between the vertical and the normal reaction of the surface on is .
Find in terms of and .
题目中文翻译
质量为 的质点 在半径为 的半球壳的光滑内表面上,以恒定角速率 做水平圆周运动。圆周运动所在平面比球壳最低点高 。球壳表面对 的法向支持力与竖直方向之间的夹角为 。
求 ,用 和 表示。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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支持力沿球半径指向球心。先由高度求它与竖直方向夹角的余弦,再利用支持力的竖直分量平衡重力、水平分量提供向心力。
答题过程
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The centre of the shell is above the plane of motion. Hence
where is the radius of the horizontal circle. For the normal reaction ,
Since , the second equation gives . Substitution into the first gives . Thus