题目
A fixed smooth solid sphere has centre and radius . A particle of mass is projected perpendicular to in a downward direction with speed from the point on the outer surface of the sphere, where makes an angle with the upward vertical through (see diagram).
The particle moves in part of a vertical circle on the surface of the sphere. It loses contact with the sphere at the point , where makes an angle with the upward vertical through . The speed of the particle at the point is .
Given that the ratio of to is find the ratio .
题目中文翻译
一个固定的光滑实心球的球心为 ,半径为 。一个质量为 的质点从球外表面上的点 处,以速率 沿垂直于 且向下的方向被抛出,其中 与经过 的竖直向上方向成 角(见图)。
质点沿球表面上的一段竖直圆弧运动。它在点 处与球失去接触,其中 与经过 的竖直向上方向成 角。质点在点 处的速率为 。
已知 与 的比为 ,求比值 。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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脱离球面时支持力为零,因此重力的径向分量单独提供向心力。再用能量守恒把 、 的高度差与速率比联系起来。
答题过程
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At , the normal reaction vanishes. Resolving towards gives
The heights of and above are and . Conservation of energy gives
Since and ,
The required ratio is .