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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 33 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 33 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A fixed smooth solid sphere has centre OO and radius aa. A particle of mass mm is projected perpendicular to OAOA in a downward direction with speed uu from the point AA on the outer surface of the sphere, where OAOA makes an angle α\alpha with the upward vertical through OO (see diagram).

The particle moves in part of a vertical circle on the surface of the sphere. It loses contact with the sphere at the point BB, where OBOB makes an angle β\beta with the upward vertical through OO. The speed of the particle at the point BB is vv.

Given that the ratio of uu to vv is 2:32:3 find the ratio cos⁡α:cos⁡β\cos\alpha:\cos\beta.

(5)
题目中文翻译

一个固定的光滑实心球的球心为 OO,半径为 aa。一个质量为 mm 的质点从球外表面上的点 AA 处,以速率 uu 沿垂直于 OAOA 且向下的方向被抛出,其中 OAOA 与经过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 α\alpha 角(见图)。

质点沿球表面上的一段竖直圆弧运动。它在点 BB 处与球失去接触,其中 OBOB 与经过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 β\beta 角。质点在点 BB 处的速率为 vv。

已知 uu 与 vv 的比为 2:32:3,求比值 cos⁡α:cos⁡β\cos\alpha:\cos\beta。

(5)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

解答

解法一

思路

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脱离球面时支持力为零,因此重力的径向分量单独提供向心力。再用能量守恒把 AA、BB 的高度差与速率比联系起来。

答题过程

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At BB, the normal reaction vanishes. Resolving towards OO gives

mgcos⁡β=mv2a.mg\cos\beta=\frac{mv^2}{a}.

The heights of AA and BB above OO are acos⁡αa\cos\alpha and acos⁡βa\cos\beta. Conservation of energy gives

12m(v2−u2)=mga(cos⁡α−cos⁡β).\frac12m(v^2-u^2)=mga(\cos\alpha-\cos\beta).

Since u2=49v2u^2=\frac49v^2 and v2=gacos⁡βv^2=ga\cos\beta,

cos⁡α−cos⁡β= v2−u22ga= (1−4/9)gacos⁡β2ga= 518cos⁡β,cos⁡α= 2318cos⁡β.\begin{align*} \cos\alpha-\cos\beta=&\,\frac{v^2-u^2}{2ga}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{(1-4/9)ga\cos\beta}{2ga}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac5{18}\cos\beta,\\[4mm] \cos\alpha=&\,\frac{23}{18}\cos\beta. \end{align*}

The required ratio is 23:1823:18.