题目
At time , a particle is projected from a point on horizontal ground. The initial velocity of is at an angle above the horizontal, where . At time , a second particle is projected vertically upwards from the horizontal ground directly below the point where will reach its greatest height. The initial velocity of is also . Both particles move freely under gravity. The two particles collide when is travelling upwards at the point where reaches its greatest height.
(a) Show that the two particles collide seconds after is projected.
(b) Find the value of .
(c) As a result of the collision, the trajectory of changes, but the horizontal component of its velocity remains unchanged. Immediately after the collision, the speed of is , at an angle above the horizontal.
Find, in terms of , the greatest height of above the ground after the collision.
题目中文翻译
在时刻 ,一个质点 从水平地面上的点 被抛出。 的初速度大小为 ,方向与水平方向向上成 角,其中 。在时刻 ,第二个质点 从水平地面上、 将到达的最高点的正下方竖直向上被抛出。 的初速度也为 。两个质点均只在重力作用下自由运动。当 向上运动到 到达的最高点时,两质点发生碰撞。
(a) 证明两个质点在 被抛出 秒后发生碰撞。
(b) 求 的值。
(c) 碰撞使 的轨迹发生变化,但其速度的水平分量保持不变。碰撞后紧接着, 的速率为 ,运动方向与水平方向向上成 角。
求碰撞后 相对于地面的最大高度,用 表示。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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在最高点, 的竖直速度为零。用竖直速度随时间的变化求碰撞时刻。
答题过程
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The initial vertical velocity of is . At its greatest height the vertical velocity is zero, so . The collision therefore occurs after is projected.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先算碰撞高度,再把 的飞行时间写成 。在两根中选出 仍向上运动的那一个。
答题过程
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The height at collision is . Put . For to reach this height,
The vertical velocity of is , which equals for and for . Hence and .
(c)
解法一
思路
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碰后 的水平分量仍等于最初的水平分量。借助 求新竖直分量,再算它从碰撞点上升的高度。
答题过程
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Since , the horizontal component remains . Hence , so the new vertical component is . The additional rise, found from at the new highest point, is
Adding the height at collision gives a greatest height of