题目
One end of a light inextensible string of length is attached to a fixed point . The other end of the string is attached to a particle of mass . The string is taut and makes an angle with the downward vertical through . The particle moves in a horizontal circle with speed .
Find the value of .
题目中文翻译
一根长为 、不可伸长的轻绳的一端连接于固定点 ,另一端连接于质量为 的质点。绳处于绷紧状态,与经过 的竖直向下方向成 角。质点以速率 做水平圆周运动。
求 的值。
原卷通用作答要求
Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.
You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity () is needed, use .
需要使用重力加速度 的数值时,取 。
解答
解法一
思路
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绳子的张力一方面平衡重力,另一方面提供水平向心力。圆周半径为 ,消去张力后解关于 的二次方程。
答题过程
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Let be the tension. The horizontal circle has radius . Resolving vertically and towards its centre gives
Eliminating yields . With this becomes
Since the upward component of the tension is positive, . Hence .