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CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 34 Q3

A Level / CIE / FM

CIE 9231 2026 June Paper 34 Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

A particle of mass mm is attached to a fixed point OO by a light inextensible string of length aa. The particle moves in complete vertical circles about OO. Points AA and BB are on the path of the particle. OAOA makes an angle of 60∘60^\circ with the upward vertical through OO. The speed of the particle at AA is uu and the tension in the string at AA is TAT_A. The point BB is vertically below OO. The speed of the particle at BB is 2u2u and the tension in the string at BB is TBT_B.

(a) Show that TB=kTAT_B=kT_A, where kk is a constant to be determined.

(6)

(b) Find the loss in kinetic energy of the particle between its lowest and highest points. Give your answer in terms of mm, gg and aa.

(1)
题目中文翻译

一个质量为 mm 的质点通过一根长为 aa、不可伸长的轻绳连接于固定点 OO。质点绕 OO 做完整的竖直圆周运动。点 AA 和 BB 位于质点的运动路径上。OAOA 与经过 OO 的竖直向上方向成 60∘60^\circ 角。质点在 AA 处的速率为 uu,此时绳中的张力为 TAT_A。点 BB 位于 OO 的正下方。质点在 BB 处的速率为 2u2u,此时绳中的张力为 TBT_B。

(a) 证明 TB=kTAT_B=kT_A,并确定常数 kk 的值。

(6)

(b) 求质点从最低点到最高点之间的动能损失,答案用 mm、gg 和 aa 表示。

(1)
原卷通用作答要求

Answer all questions. You should use a calculator where appropriate.

You must show all necessary working clearly; no marks will be given for unsupported answers from a calculator.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.

请回答所有题目。适当时应使用计算器。必须清楚展示所有必要的计算过程;仅给出计算器答案而没有过程,不予评分。除非题目另有精度要求,非精确数值答案保留 3 位有效数字,以度为单位的角度保留 1 位小数。

Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity (gg) is needed, use 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}.

需要使用重力加速度 gg 的数值时,取 10 m s−210\,\mathrm{m\,s^{-2}}。

题目勘误

官方原题写明质点由轻绳约束,绕 OO 做“complete vertical circles”,同时给出 OAOA 与竖直向上方向成 60∘60^\circ、AA 处速率为 uu、最低点 BB 处速率为 2u2u。这些速率条件由机械能守恒给出 u2=gau^2=ga,因而最低点的速率平方为 4ga4ga。

实际上应为满足轻绳完成整周的条件:最高点速率平方至少为 gaga,相应的最低点速率平方至少为 5ga5ga。原题数据不满足这一条件;若强行延续圆周运动至最高点,会得到速率为零、所需张力为 −mg-mg,轻绳无法提供这样的力。官方评分标准也按原数据计算,未消除这项矛盾。本页忠实保留官方英文原题及中文翻译,不猜测替换数据。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先用 AA 到 BB 的落差求 u2u^2,再分别沿两点指向圆心的方向列式,注意重力在两点的径向分量符号不同。

答题过程

展开

The vertical drop from AA to BB is acos⁡60∘+a=3a/2a\cos60^\circ+a=3a/2. Conservation of energy gives

12m(2u)2−12mu2= 32mga,32mu2= 32mga,u2= ga.\begin{align*} \frac12m(2u)^2-\frac12mu^2=&\,\frac32mga,\\[4mm] \frac32mu^2=&\,\frac32mga,\\[4mm] u^2=&\,ga. \end{align*}

At AA and BB the radial equations towards OO are

TA+mgcos⁡60∘= mu2a,TB−mg= 4mu2a.\begin{align*} T_A+mg\cos60^\circ=&\,\frac{mu^2}{a},\\[4mm] T_B-mg=&\,\frac{4mu^2}{a}. \end{align*}

It follows that TA=12mgT_A=\frac12mg and TB=5mgT_B=5mg, so TB=10TAT_B=10T_A and k=10k=10.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

按题设完成整周的假设,张力不做功,圆周最低点到最高点的动能减少量等于重力势能增加量。这是形式计算;上方勘误已说明给定数据不能实现轻绳完整圆周运动。

答题过程

展开

Under the stated complete-circle assumption, the height increases by 2a2a from the lowest point to the top of the circle. Tension does no work, so the formal loss of kinetic energy is mg(2a)=2mgamg(2a)=2mga. The given string motion cannot in fact remain circular up to the top, as explained in the warning above.